英语中的句子的类型

时间：2021-10-07 09:44:13 句子我要投稿

英语中的句子的类型

状语从句：状语从句 Adverbial Clause，从句用作状语称为状语从句。根据用途，状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的、比较等状语从句。

英语中的句子的类型

1、时间状语从句时间状语从句表示时间，常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as soon as, whenever,no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely/barely…when, the moment, every time等等。

1) When you croa main road, you must be careful.

2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.

3) Wait until you are called.

4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.

5) He is so terrible once he is drunk.

(2) 地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点，常用的关联词有where, wherever等。

1) Put it where you found it.

2) Sit down wherever you like.

(3). 原因状语从句原因状语从句表示原因或理由，常用的关联词有because, as, since,for,, now that, considering that(由于考虑到)等。

1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.

2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.

3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else.

(4) 条件状语从句条件状语从句表示真实的或现实的条件，引导从句所用的关联词有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as，provided/providing that, on condition that等等。

1.If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.

2.You'll be late, unleyou hurry.

3.Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose从句必须放在主句之前) 我们如果迟到了，他会说什么?

4.In the event that our team wins, there will be a party.

5.In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。

6.He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩，他什么都愿意做。

(5). 方式状语从句方式状语从句表示动作的方式，回答How的问题，常用关联词as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引导，一般置于主语之后。

Do as I say. I did just as you told me.照我说的去做。我就是照你说的去做的。

He acts as if/as though he were the owner.他行为举止好象是这儿的主人似的。

They did it in a way that I had never seen before.他们以我从没见过的方式行事。

I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to.我从未被允许用自己想用的方式唱歌。

(6) 让步状语从句让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等概念，使句子具有对比的因素。常用的关联词有although, though, even if, even though,whether, as, however, while, no matter+特殊疑问词，特殊疑问词+ever

1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease.

2) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive.

3) I wouldn’t go to see the new movie no matter who recommends it.

(7) 结果状语从句结果状语从句表示结果，常由连词so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引导，置于主语之后。

1)She was so frightened about the dog that she cried.

2)The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.

3)They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.

4)We arrived early, so that we got good seats.

(8)目的状语从句目的状语从句表示目的，回答what for或 for what purpose的问题，常用关联词so that, in order that，lest等引导，一般置于主语之后。目的状语从句中的谓语动词常由“情态动词+动词原形”构成

1) We arrived early so that we could get good seats.

2) Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.

3)They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.

(9)比较状语从句常用的关联词有as, than, as…as, not so…as, the more…the more

1)Air is to men as water is to fish.

2) The more civilized a man becomes, the lehe is limited by the disadvantage of his environment.

(三)定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等

(1)关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。

1)先行词指人，关系代词用who, whom, that，这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2)先行词指物，关系代词用which, that，它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

3) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)，

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pame the book whose cover is green.

=Please pame the bok the cover of which is green.

=Please pame the book of which the cover is green.

请递给我那本绿皮的书。

4) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用 which。

c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

e)先行词既有人，又有物时,只用that。

(2)关系副词引导的定语从句先行词是指时间、地点或理由的名词，引导词可用关系副词并在从句中作状语。

1)when, where, why 是关系副词，它们的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)怎样判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面跟宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词后不跟宾语，则要求用关系副词。

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为表语(也是先行词)，而where, that, on which都不能起到先行词的'作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，而关系代词在宾语从句中作宾语，我们就可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

所以关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

(3). 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，

This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。

(非限制性)

2) 非限制性定语从句出了能修饰一个先行词外，还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，关系代词多用which或 as.

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

注意：as, which 引导非限定性定语从句，相当于and this或and that，As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to u

as可引导非限制性从句，常含有'正如'的意思。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

(4). 先行词和关系词二合一

我们还会碰到一些先行词和关系词合二为一的情况，如：

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. ( 划线部分为主语从句但Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替，因此Anyone who spits in public will be punished here.中，划线部分又成了定语从句)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)

还有如 what = the thing that;whatever = anything that

who= the person that whoever= anyone who

(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.

(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.

(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear.

注意：that 和 what的用法

1)当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词并在从句中充当成分，而在引导名词性从句时，that是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句中可省，而在表语从句，主语从句和同位语中的that不可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。

That the world’s first compawas invented by the Chinese people is a well-known historical fact.

I think (that) you will like the stamps.

What we need is more practice.