急求英翻中3

急求英翻中3 外国医学毕业生研究评估和教育委员会（以下简称ECFMG）
临床技能评估体系（以下简称CSA）
国外医科学校（以下简称IMG）
The patient note (PN) exercise 病历记录
standardized patient (SP) 标准化患者


Responses to the post-CSA questionnaire provided additional data to support
the validity of PN ratings. Candidates who perceived the time limits to be
adequate performed significantly better on the task. It would be expected that
these individuals would be more proficient at synthesizing the information from the
encounter and summarizing it on the note. Unfortunately, the perceived adequacy
of the time limit may simply reflect comfort with the task, not necessarily actual
time pressures. Therefore, additional studies are needed to investigate the relationship
between actual time spent composing the clinical summaries and the resultant
scores. Candidates who completed their medical training in English outperformed
candidates who had been instructed in a language other than English. Here, it would
be expected that the writing skills of those candidates who were taught in English
would be better than those who were not educated in English, resulting in higher
PN scores. Finally, those candidates who had had previous SP experience scored
significantly higher on the PN exercise. Familiarity with the task of interviewing
simulated patients would be expected to diminish anxiety and subsequently lead
to improved data gathering skills. If this added information finds its way onto
the patient note, scores would be expected to increase. Interestingly, candidates
who claimed to have taken a specialized clinical skills training course actually
performed less well on the PN exercise than those who did not. While there are
a number of possible explanations for this seemingly contradictory result, it is
likely that those candidates who chose to take a course were initially of much
lower ability than those who did not. In fact, candidates who took a specialized
course had significantly lower USMLE Step and TOEFL scores, and significantly
more USMLE Step attempts. Overall, the direction and moderate strength of the
relationships between candidate PN scores and variables related to prior training
provides additional evidence to support the validity of the written exercise.
The PN exercise is an important part of the assessment of the readiness of
medical school graduates to enter graduate training programs. The ability to inter
pret and synthesize medical information, and present this data in a reasoned and
rational manner, is certainly a skill that is required for effective medical practice.
As such, it is important that medical school graduates be assessed in this
domain. Furthermore, given that skill deficiencies in this area can have profound
consequences, both for the candidate in a high-stakes testing situation and for the
patient in real-life medical encounters, it is imperative that any resultant proficiency
measures are reproducible and valid. Although some improvements to the
assessment process could be entertained, the ECFMG CSA PN exercise currently
provides an effective means of assessing the written communication skills of
medical school graduates.

   题补充：
拒绝机器翻译！！！！！！！

参考案 Responses to the post-CSA questionnaire provided additional data to support the validity of PN ratings.
对CSA后卷的反应提供了额外的数据，以支持PN分级的有效性。
Candidates who perceived the time limits to be adequate performed significantly better on the task.
那些知道恰当表现时限的候选者在其任务上显著地更好（译者注：原句语法上看似乎是病句，所以此句翻译只能是对原意的推测）
It would be expected that these individuals would be more proficient at synthesizing the information from the encounter and summarizing it on the note.
可以预计，这些人从接触及归纳到记录中更精通于信息的合成。
Unfortunately, the perceived adequacy of the time limit may simply reflect comfort with the task, not necessarily actual time pressures.
不幸的是，所知道的实现的适当性可能仅仅反映了对任务的适应，并不一定是实际的时间压力。
Therefore, additional studies are needed to investigate the relationship between actual time spent composing the clinical summaries and the resultant scores.
所以，需要作额外的研究以调查编写临床小结的实际用时和相应得分的关系。
Candidates who completed their medical training in English outperformed candidates who had been instructed in a language other than English.
那些用完成医学培训的候选者比那些以其他语言得到指导的候选者表现要好。
Here, it would be expected that the writing skills of those candidates who were taught in English would be better than those who were not educated in English, resulting in higher PN scores.
在此可以预计，那些用英语授课的候选者的写作技能会比没有教育的那些人要好，导致了更高的PN得分。
Finally, those candidates who had had previous SP experience scored significantly higher on the PN exercise.
最后，那些有过SP经历的候选者在PN练习中获得了显著地更高的分数。
Familiarity with the task of interviewing simulated patients would be expected to diminish anxiety and subsequently lead to improved data gathering skills.
对与模拟病人交谈任务的熟悉可预期地减轻焦虑，从而导致数据收集技能的改善。
If this added information finds its way onto the patient note, scores would be expected to increase.
如果这些信息能够体现到患者记录上，得分预计会提高。
Interestingly, candidates who claimed to have taken a specialized clinical skills training course actually performed less well on the PN exercise than those who did not.
有趣的是，那些声称上过专门的临床技能培训课程的候选者在PN练习中表现不如那些无此类培训的人。
While there are a number of possible explanations for this seemingly contradictory result, it is likely that those candidates who chose to take a course were initially of much lower ability than those who did not.
尽管对这种看似矛盾的结果有若干种可能的解释，但情况可能是，那些选择了个课程的候选者原来就比那些未选课程的候选者能力低很多。
In fact, candidates who took a specialized course had significantly lower USMLE Step and TOEFL scores, and significantly more USMLE Step attempts.
事实上，那些选过专门课程的后选者拥有显著地更低的USMLE级别及托福得分，并有过显著地更多次的USMLE 级别努力。
Overall, the direction and moderate strength of the relationships between candidate PN scores and variables related to prior training provides additional evidence to support the validity of the written exercise.
总之，候选者的PN得分与有关先前培训的变数之间关系的方向和适度强度提供了额外的证据，以支持书面练习的有效性。
The PN exercise is an important part of the assessment of the readiness of medical school graduates to enter graduate training programs.
PN练习是评估医校毕业生进入研究生培训项目的适宜程度的一个重要部分。
The ability to interpret and synthesize medical information, and present this data in a reasoned and rational manner, is certainly a skill that is required for effective medical practice.
解释并合成医学信息并将此数据以理性及合理的方式表达出来的能力，确实是有效的医学实践所要求的一种技能。
As such, it is important that medical school graduates be assessed in this domain. Furthermore, given that skill deficiencies in this area can have profound consequences, both for the candidate in a high-stakes testing situation and for the patient in real-life medical encounters, it is imperative that any resultant proficiency measures are reproducible and valid.
因此，医校毕业生在此领域得到评估是很重要的。此外，既然这一领域的技能缺乏可能会有深远的后果，不管是对高规格情景下的候选者还是真实生活中遇到的病患，那么，任何有结果的熟练程度测查都是可引用并有效，这是强制性的。
Although some improvements to the assessment process could be entertained, the ECFMG CSA PN exercise currently provides an effective means of assessing the written communication skills of medical school graduates.
虽然评估程序可加以一些改善，但ECFMG、CSA、PN练习目前提供着一种评估医校毕业生书面沟通技能的有效手段。