A级考前技巧辅导-阅读(1)
今天我们就来看看阅读的技巧,重点就语法题给大家讲解一下.
试题介绍
本部分测试考生从书面文字材料获取信息的能力，短文题材包括社会、文化、常识、科普、经贸、人物和实用性文字，其中实用性文字大约占60-70%。?
主要测试考生以下阅读技能：?
1.了解语篇和段落的主旨和大意；?
2.掌握语篇中的事实和主要情节；?
3.理解语篇上下文的逻辑关系；?
4.对句子和段落进行推理；?
5.了解作者的目的、态度和观点；?
6.根据上下文正确理解生词的意思；?
7.了解语篇的结论；?
8.进行信息转换。?
测试题主要类型：?
1.主旨题?
2.细节推理题(包括对作者态度和观点的推理)?
3.是非判断题?
4.词汇释义题(熟词辨义，超纲词汇含义的推断)??
解题技巧指导
有效的阅读过程：浏览全文，掌握文章主题→根据段首句，抓住中心思想→细读原文，确定主题句和支持主题部分→根据语篇标志，识别段落之间关系→找到文章结论。?
Basic Knowledge about text?
Ways of developing paragraphs:(段落结构)?
1.development by time?
2.development by space?
3.development by process?
4.development by example and generalization?
5.development by comparison and contrast?
6.development by cause and effect?
Types of cohesion:(语篇衔接方式)?
了解一篇文章的组成方式和衔接方式是读懂一篇文章的前提，对透彻理解一篇文章是大有裨益的，语篇衔接方式大致有以下四种：?
1.指称衔接?
人称指称：第三人称代词?
指示指称：指示代词?
比较指称?
2.省略与替代?
3.连接：主要通过连接词来实现，分为四种类型：增补型、转折型、原因型、时间型。?
4.词汇衔接：是构成衔接的最高级形式，含重述和搭配两种。?
注：阅读忌讳——试图弄懂文章中的每一个词。对付生词的有效方法是合理化原则顺势阅读。若生词不影响对词义的理解就顺势读下去，如有影响，则根据语境推测其意。??
主旨题?
（一）主旨题的常见出题形式?
The main point of the passage is ...?
The passage mainly deals with ...?
What does the passage mainly discuss??
Which of the following best states the theme of the passage??
The author apparently asserts that ...?
A suitable title for the passage would be ...?
（二）解主旨题的关键?
1.确定中心思想?
2.主题句在文中的位置?
3.主旨题干扰项的特点?
一般有以下三种情况：?
1.局部信息，或是一句未展开论述的话，或是某一段的主要内容。?
2.概括内容太大，此项把文章的内容过于一般化，所包括的内容多于文章阐述的内容，过于笼统。?
3.无关信息，在文章中找不到语言根据的信息。?
例题：?
The snow was falling very heavily. The sky was very cloudy. The wind was blowing very hard—about 45 miles per hour. It was 18 degrees outside. It was hard to see objects only a few feet in front of you.?Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?
?
A) It’s cold outside. B) It’s winter time.?
C) The weather is changeable. D) The weather is stormy.?
本段共三句，没有一句可概括段落的主题思想，所陈述的都是细节。但每一句都从不同方面讲述同一点。即天气恶劣，因此，总结全文，才能归纳出本段的主题：The weather is stormy. 分析其选项，A项太片面，B项太笼统，C项不准确，文中无change的迹象。故D项为答案。?
例题：?
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven’t eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of clam chowder, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what are called fast foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries, and a soft-drink.?
Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the paragraph??
A) Some people like steak and others like red meat.?
B) Vegetables are very healthy to you.?
C) Food preparation has a lot to do with people’s tastes.?
D) Different people have different tastes in food.?
在这四个选项中，A是文中提到的一项具体内容，作为主题思想面太窄了。B项则太泛。C项文中未提及。只有D项概括了全文的主题，具有结论性。本段的主题是：人们对食物的喜好是不尽相同的，这正是出现于段首的主题句。?