A级考前技巧辅导-阅读(2)
今天我们就来看看推断性题的一些解决方法.?
这类题要求在读懂原文的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意。这种题的答案一般在原文中不能直接找到，需作一定的推理和判断。主要包括：作者的态度、写作风格、对数字的推断、
对细节的推断。
（一）常见的出题形式?
The author implies that ...?
It can be easily guessed that ...?
We can learn from the passage that ...?
It can be concluded from the passage that ...?
The passage suggested that ...?
The passage is intended to ...?
We can infer that ...?
The tone of the passage may be ...?
In the author’s opinion ...?
The author’s purpose of writing the passage is that ...?
这类题的答案并非原文的句子，阅读时要理解字里行间的含义。有时需作一些判断，或需用表
同义关系的词来替换。解答此类题需注意：(1)从文章整体上把握理解全文；(2)紧紧围绕相
关部分提供的背景事实和常识进行推理；(3)把握推理范围，不只凭原文提供的信息。下面
进行分类介绍：?
(二)推断作者的态度/意图?
褒义词包括：positive, useful, efficient?
贬义词包括：negative, disgusting, critical, tolerant, disapproving?
中性词包括：indifferent, neutral, apathetic?
要捕捉作者的态度，需抓住文章中的词汇暗示，才能弄清作者的态度是赞成还是反对，是肯
定还是否定。?
例题：?
It’s true that city dwellers and suburbanites can enjoy certain facilities that may be denied to the inhabitants of small towns. What they miss, however, far outweighs such advantages, which, in any case, the vast majority rarely has the time or energy to take advantage of.?
本段中用来说明城市人所缺少的比他们所拥有的更为重要。紧接着后一句又补充说明，即便
城市中拥有，但大多数人却没时间享用，由此看来，作者对城市生活持否定态度。文中还会
出现两种或两种以上的不同态度，作者先介绍一种观点，紧接着后提出另一种不同甚至完全
相反的观点，这就要弄清作者真正的观点，其真正的观点经常出现在转折词之后，或者通
过引出作者所关注的问题，表明作者的态度和观点。?
(三)推断作者的写作目的?
分析作者的写作目的，也需建立在理解全文基础之上，有以下几种可能性：?
批评时事——criticize传达信息——inform?
娱乐读者——entertain揭示事实——disclose?
如果是批判性文章则用词较正式，语气偏主观，否定词较多；如果是传达信息的文章，则
用词正式、平和，语气较客观，不会搀杂个人观点；如果是娱乐性文章，语气轻松、活泼
，用词偏于非正式。?
例题：?
Mosquitoes are everywhere. They can be found all over the world and they come in more than 2500 species. Somewhere, at some time, you have surely met at least one. No one loves the mosquitoes. But unfortunately the mosquito may decide that
she loves you. She? Yes. She. Did you know that only the female mosquito bites?
Well, it’s true. And it’s not because she’s unfriendly; she needs blood to repro
duce.?
Do you know how the female mosquito decides whom to bite? She’s quite selective,and she chooses her victims carefully. First, she uses sensors to find her victim. These sensors are located on her two antennae and her three pairs of legs. With these sensors, she likes what she finds, she bites, but if don’t appeal to her, she will reject you for someone more appetizing. The next time a mosquito bites you, just remember that you were chosen. You are special. All mosquitoes, male or female, pass through their early stages of development in or near water. In fact, mosquito eggs will not hatch without water—although the eggs can survive up to five years on dry land waiting for water. It’s not surprising that heavy rain produce large numbers of mosquitoes.?
The author writes this passage to ___.?
A) inform B) amuse C) entertain D) criticize?
这是一篇介绍蚊子的生活习性的说明文，语气轻松、平和，用词及句子结构较简单。从几个
Do you know ...句子之类的问题可以断定，作者是在传递信息，告知我们所不知道的事情
，另外根据说明文的特点，都可推断出作者的写作目的是选项A）inform。?
(四)对细节进行推理?
作者为了说明一个主题或观点，通常会作出一系列的论述或解释，采用的方法可能是举例、论证、摆事实、提出问题或指出原因。在作答此类问题时应从原文的字句中找到推理的依据，然后进行推断。?
例题：?
Have you ever heard of a star that doesn’t shine? Some stars have used up all their fuel. These are called “dead stars”. Scientists believe these stars must be very large and heavy, because they seem to push and pull other stars around them. Since we cannot see these dead stars, how do we know they exist? Scientists can determine their existence by studying the movements of stars that do shine.
The story implies, but does not directly state that dead stars ___.?
A) affect other stars
B) are too far away to be seen?
C) force all smaller stars away
D) do reflect light?
从题干入手，此题与dead stars有关，其后的陈述是关于dead stars的，分析其用词的特点
，首先用两形容词large和heavy描述其特点，然后用because从句作进一步解释。最后一句
是作者推理的结果。由此可推断A项是答案。?
例题：?
Newspapers, along with reporting the news, instruct, entertain, and give opinions. An important way for reading a large, big-city newspaper is knowing how to take it apart. Can you find these separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business, entertainment, opinions, classified ads? Does your paper have other sections??
News stories give facts, not the author’s opinions. Editorials do the opposite; you can expect an editorial to take sides. Some newspaper editorials have a by-line with the author’s name, but many newspapers have unsigned editorials. These reflect the opinions of the publisher or editor.?
You can be a better reader if you know what to expect in a newspaper. For example, you can expect headlines to omit unnecessary words. You can expect to find th