英文语法杂谈(2)：分词
分词的相关语法（Participle）
三、用分词作为状语(Adverbial Modifier)
3.1 用作状语的分词和逻辑主语是“主动关系”。表示动作和谓语的动作同时发生。
1. David was lying in bed crying. (逻辑主语David，分词crying)
2. We walked along the banks singing merrily.. (逻辑主语we，分词singing)
3.2 现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用现在分词完成式(Present
Perfect Participle)
1. Having written the letter, I went out to post it. (现在完成式分词having written)
2. Having already seen the film twice, she didn't want to go to the cinema. (having seen)
3.3 用作状语的分词和逻辑主语有“被动关系”，要用过去分词(Past Participle)
1. We went home exhausted(疲惫地). (逻辑主语we, 过去分词exhausted)
2. Encouraged by my teacher, I decided to work hard. (逻辑主语I，过去分词encouraged)
3.4 用作状语的分词和逻辑主语有“被动关系”，也可用被动式的现在分词(having been + v-ed)
1. Having been invited to speak, I'll start making preparations tomorrow.(逻辑主语I, 被动式现在分词having been invited)
3.5 有的分词在句子中没有逻辑主语，这类特别分词有：regarding 关于，barring 除……以外，concerning 关于，granting /granted(that) 假定、即使，presuming 假定，admitting (that) 承认， considering考虑到，assuming 假设，seeing that 考虑到，supposing (that) 假定，given (that)考虑到、如果……
1. He did poorly in his examinations, considering how hard he had atudiedfor them.
2. Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesn't meanhe's going to do so.
3. He asked me questions concerning my health.
还有分词词组：
taking...into consideration 考虑到，judging by /from 从……判断，talking about 说到……，speaking of 说到……，looking at 考虑到、着眼于，generally speaking 一般说来，allowing for 考虑到……
1. Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities that girls.
2. Allowing for the deficiencies(不足), the show is a success.
上回谈到用分词作为状语，谈得比较深入。下面提供几个比较常用的句子以供参考：
1. Being a student, she likes to help others. (being 作student 的状语)
2. Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can