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牛津英语语法:动词+介词/副词的组合

时间:2021-10-30 10:53:31 英语语法 我要投稿

牛津实用英语语法:动词+介词/副词的组合

account

  account for

牛津实用英语语法:动词+介词/副词的组合

  (tr)(为某事)给出充分的理由,圆满地解释(某种行为或某项支出),做出交代:

  A treasurer must account for the money he spends.

  财务负责人必须对他支付的款项做出交代。

  He has behavd in the most extraordinary way;I can’t account for hisactions at all/I can’t account for his behaving like that.

  他的行为极为奇怪,我完全无法解释他的行动/我无法为他那样的举动做出解释。

  allow

  allow for(tr)预先为某事留有余地,考虑到(常指某种额外的需要、支出、耽搁等):

  —It is 800 kilometres and I drive at 100 k.p.h., so I’ll be there in eighthours.

  —But you’ll have to allow for delays going through towns and for stopsfor refuelling.

  —距离是800公里,而我的车速是每小时100公里,因此我八小时后可以到那里。

  —可是你得把通过市镇和停车加油所耽搁的时间考虑进去。

  Allowing for depreciation your car should be worth£2,000 this timenext year.

  如果考虑到折旧,你的车明年此时应当值2,000英镑。

  answer

  answer back(intr),answer somebody back反驳别人的责难,回嘴顶撞:

  Father:Why were you so late last night? You weren’t in till2 a.m.

  父亲:你昨晚回家为什么这么晚?你直到凌晨两点钟才回来。

  Son:You should have been asleep.

  儿子:那时候你本该睡着了。

  Father:Don’t answer me back.Answer my question.

  父亲:别跟我顶嘴。回答我的问题。

  ask

  ask after/for somebody 探询有关……的信息,(向第三者)问某人健康如何:

  I met Tom at the party;he asked after you.

  我在聚会上遇见了汤姆;他问你好。(问你健康如何/问你过得怎么样)

  ask for

  (a)寻找某人并想和他/她说话,要求见到某人:

  Go to the office and ask for my secretary.

  到办公室去,找我的秘书。

  (b)要求,索要:

  The men asked for more pay and shorter hours.

  工人们要求增加工资,减少工时。

  ask someone in(宾语在in之前)请某人进来:

  He didn’t ask me in;he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.

  他没有让我进去;他径自看那张条子,让我站在门口等着。

  ask someone out(宾语在out之前)请某人出去参加娱乐活动或吃饭(特别是在公众地方吃饭):

  She had a lot of friends and was usually asked out in the evenings,so she seldom spent an evening at home.

  她有很多朋友,晚上常被邀请外出,因此她晚上很少在家里呆着。

  back

  back away(intr)慢慢地退回去(因为遇到某种危险或不愉快的事):

  When he took a gun out everyone backd away nervously.

  他拿出枪来时,大家都紧张地向后退去。

  back out(intr)退出(某事先已同意的联合行动),停止或拒绝给予所允诺的帮助或支持:

  He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was.

  他本来同意给予帮助的,但在发现事情有多么困难之后就打退堂鼓了。

  back somebody up从道义上或行动上支持:

  The headmaster never backed up his staff.(backed them up)If a parentcomplained about a teacher he assumed that the teacher was in thewrong.

  校长从来不给教员们撑腰。凡是有家长给老师提意见时,他总是认为一定是老师不对。

  be

  be against(tr)反对(常带动名词):

  I’m for doing nothing till the police arrive./I’m against doing anythingtill the police arrive.

  我赞成在警察来到以前不采取行动。/我反对在警察到来以前采取任何行动。

  be away(intr)(至少有一个晚上)不在家,不在某地

  be back(intr)在长期或短暂地离开之后回到原地:

  —I want to see Mrs Pitt.Is she in?

  —No,I’m afraid she’s out at the moment./No,I’m afraid she’s awayfor the weekend.

  —When will she be back?

  —She’ll be back in half an hour/next week.

  —我想见皮特夫人。她在吗?

  —不,恐怕她现在不在。/不,我想她外出度周末了。

  —她什么时候回来?

  —她半小时后/下周回来。

  be for(tr)赞成(常带动名词)

  be in(intr)在家或在某个建筑物内

  be in for(tr)将要遇上(常跟某种令人不愉快的事):

  Did you listen to the weather forecast? I’m afraid we’re in for a bumpyflight.

  你听气象预报没有?恐怕我们这次航班要很颠簸。

  If you think that the work is going to be easy you’re in for a shock.

  如果你以为这工作将容易,那么你可要大吃一惊了。

  be out(intr)短时间不在家/不在某个建筑物里,但并不在外过夜

  be over(intr)结束:

  The storm is over now;we can go on.

  暴风雨过去了;我们可以继续走了。

  be up(intr)起床了:

  Don’t expect her to answer the doorbell at eight o’clock on Sundaymorning.She won’t be up.

  星期日早上8点钟时,别指望她听见门铃响会来开门。她那时还没有起床呢。

  be up to(tr)体力或智力足以……(宾语常用it,但也可用动名词):

  After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longerup to the work/up to doing the work.

  部长生病后继续任职,但他已力不胜任了。

  be up to something/some mischief/some trick/no good从事或忙于某种调皮的、不正道的或有害的事/捣鬼:

  Don’t trust him;he is up to something/some trick.

  别信他;他在搞鬼/在耍诡计。

  The boys are very quiet.I wonder what they are up to.

  男孩子们无声无息了。我不知他们在捣什么鬼。

  注意:这里up to的宾语常是某一很不确定的词语,如上面例句所示。这个习语从来不与某一具体明确的事连用。

  it is up to someone(常带动词不定式)此事是某人的职责:

  It is up to the government to take action on violence.

  采取行动对付暴力行为,是政府职责所在。

  I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you.

  我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。(你得靠自己的努力干下去。)

  bear

  bear out(tr)证实,提供证明:

  This report bears out my theory.(bears my theory out/bears it out)

  这报告证实了我的理论。

  bear up(intr)听到坏消息仍能勇敢支撑,掩饰感情或忧伤:

  The news of her death was a great shock to him but he bore up bravely and none of us realized how much he felt it.

  她故去的消息对他来讲是个打击,但他勇敢地支撑着,我们谁也没意识到他的感受该有多么强烈。

  blow

  blow out(tr)吹熄:

  The wind blew out the candle.(blew the candle out/blew it out)

  风吹灭了蜡烛。

  blow up(tr/intr)

  (a)用爆炸的方法毁灭,爆炸,被毁:

  They blew up the bridges so that the enemy couldn’t follow them.(blew the bridges up/blew them up)

  他们炸毁了桥,好让敌人不能追上他们。

  Just as we got to the bridge it blew up.

  我们刚到桥头,桥就炸掉了。

  (b)充气,打气,使膨胀:

  The children blew up their balloons and threw them into the air.( blew the balloons up/blew them up)

  孩子们把气球吹鼓了,扔向空中。

  boil

  boil away(intr)(液体)因沸腾而挥发完,熬干:

  I put the kettle on the gas ring and then went away and forgot about it.

  When I returned, the water had all boiled away and the flame had burnta hole in the kettle.

  我把壶放在煤气灶上,然后就走开把这事忘掉了。我回来时,水都烧干了,火把壶底烧出了一个窟窿。

  boil over(intr)(液体因沸腾而)溢到容器外面:

  The milk boiled over and there was a horrible smell of burning.

  牛奶潽了,烧糊的味道极为难闻。

  break

  break down a door etc.用强力敲破或撞破:

  The firemen had to break down the door to get into the burning house.

  (break the door down/break it down)

  消防员不得不破门而入以便到着火的房子里边去。

  break down figures将一数目分别列在不同项目下以作进一步说明:

  You say that 10,000 people use this library.Could you break that downinto age-groups?

  你说有10,000人使用这所图书馆。你能否按年龄组将数字