作文该怎样复习
作文和听力,阅读一样,可以早做准备.现在流行的复习方法是从下半年复习,甚至是考试前3个月才开始复习.复习的教材无一例外的是考试虫系列的<万能作文>:背一二十篇作文模式,背一二十篇范文,然后就上战场了.脑子活的人活学活用,考后得意洋洋;脑子不活的人一筹莫展,考后伤心太平洋.年复一年,几家欢喜几家愁.
其实,我觉得写好作文,应该从真正的能力培养上着手,提高真实的能力.从这个角度去复习,不仅可以提高写作水平,还可以提高英语的语感,间接的提高阅读水平,完型填空的水平,翻译水平等.
作文的复习分为4个阶段.
第一个阶段,我觉得需要花半年的时间.也就是今年上半年的时间.主要是挑选好的论说性的文章(比如大学英语精读教材上的相关文章),翻译成中文.然后对照你翻译的中文再翻译成英文.把你的英文和原文对照,比较你的错误之处,纠正你的中式英语.这个过程很痛苦艰辛.但是是提高英语语感,写出地道的英语句子,打好作文的基础的唯一方法.这一阶段,估计英-汉-英翻译20篇左右的论说文章(每篇文章800字左右)就足够了。
这一阶段还要随时摘录好的优美句子和句型结构.并熟记.
第二阶段,是暑假阶段.这一阶段,开始向考研应试的阶段过渡.先看看<万能作文>或者是其它指导考研作文的辅导书,了解考场作文是怎么一回事,如何组段成文,如何起承转合等.同时进一步总结优美句子和句型结构.
第三个阶段,是下学期开学起到考试前一个月.这一阶段就大量的写作文.每周写1,2篇文章.这个写作文,也有讲究:把一篇作文写好罗,不要仍掉就不管了.把它保存好,过2天后再拿出来修改,然后誊好后再保存起来.以后有时间了再拿出来修改.如此反复的修改时,要思考怎样把优美句子使用到我的文章中来?怎样把好的句子结构使用在文章中?一篇文章经过几次修改后,把最后修改的文章誊写好,保存下来,以备冲刺阶段复习参考.
这个阶段,还有个重要的任务,就是从大量的你收集的优美句子和句型结构中,挑选出你最喜欢使用的40条句子.这40条要包括所有的起承转合,开头结尾,原因结构,立论的句型结构.并在写作练习中不断的使用这40条.
第四个阶段,就是考前一个月.这一阶段,把所有修改好的文章都拿出来看看.思考自己是如何把那些好的优美句子和句型结构用在文章中去的.进一步熟悉那40条句子.
附:论说文句型
注:一至七条为图表句型.
一． 上升增长
1．…add up to… 增加了
eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.
2． to jump to / to soar to.. 一跃达到/ 猛增到…
eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.
3．…an increase of about…percent as compared with.. 与…相比大约增加了…
eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.
4．…to experience an increase/incline …有了增长
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.
二． 下降，减少
1．…to sink/drop/reduce to… 减少到…
eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.
2．…to experience a decrease/decline …有了减少
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease.
注意：
修饰上升/减少的副词有：
rapidly slowly dramatically respectively
表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有：
the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%
三． 起伏
1．…to go up and down …起伏不定
eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.
2．There be ups and downs …有起有伏
eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）.
四． 稳定
1．…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持稳定，几乎不变
eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.
2．…to level off (vi.)
eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.
注意：
修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有：
almost fairly
可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型：
the general situation was not worsening
show indications of improvement
it can be predicted that…
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …
五． 成正比，反比
1．…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比/反比
eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.
六． 占百分之几，几分之几
1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…
eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population.
eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.
2．…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4
eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.
3．…account for…percent 占百分之几
eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…
七． 倍数
1．A be …times as much/many as B
eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.
2．A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍
eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.
附一 圆盘比例型图表
例： 一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销，它们各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。
描述:
The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.
总结写作模式：
…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,…….
.
八.原因结果
1….(结果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构]
2….(结果)…, attributable to（原因） [attributable to为形容词短语]
3….(结果) lie in the fact that（原因） [ 同位语从句 ]
4….（结果）result from（原因） [句型一般]
5. It is precisely because （原因）…that （导致结果）… [强调结构]
6. …, as a result, …（导致结果）… [as a result做插入语]
7. （原因）be responsible for（结果） [常见句型]
8. （原因），which in turn（结果）
eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.
九．采取措施，提出建议
1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,… [常见句型]
2. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么……。到那个时候，……。[比较好的句型]
3. More and more people are realizing the importance of…[进行时态， more and more比many好]
4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[ 被动语态，due attention 和be paid to 搭配]
5. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。[条件句，反问句]
6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型]
7. enhance the awareness of people that…
8. The first nut for us to crack is… 我们首先要解决的是……。 [比The first thing we should do is … 句型 高级的多，精彩的多，生动的多]
9. ……as soon as possible [常见句型]
10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 结构， 比sth. be much important好]
十．方式，比较
1. (Just) as …, so…