考研试题专项训练－－主题句
1. The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise, marketoriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produce. ____________________.
[A] Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumer, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
[B] In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller producers.
The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise, marketoriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most . Private businessmen, striving to make profits , produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produce. ____________________.
前后照应
[A] Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumer , coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes , that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
[B] In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller producers.
【答案】[A]。空格前具体介绍了影响美国经济体制的几点因素。分析[A]、[B]两选项，[A]恰好从这几方面对以上内容加以总结，故为答案；[B]中主要是说供与求决定价格，它并不是影响美国经济体制的因素，放在此处显然与上文没有必然的联系。
2. ___________________. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons.
[A] Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
[B] While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages
for sellers too.
___________________. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. ... And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons .
总述
[A] Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
[B] While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too.
【答案】[B]。空格后面的所有内容都是关于计算机给“businessmen”带来方便的描述，所以空格处也应与此有关。[B]中提到了计算机给“consumers”和“seller”双方面带来的方便，但显然此句强调的是后者，而这正是对下文的总结，故为答案；[A]只是概括性的描述计算机给“consumers”带来的各方面的利益，与“businessmen”无关。
3. ____________________. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s,when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer causing genes (基因), are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.
[A] The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.
[B] With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy.
____________________. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes , which are cancer causing genes ( 基因 ), are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous .
同义表达
[A] The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.
[B] With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy.
【答案】[B]。空格后说“致癌基因在正常细胞中并不活跃，如果几个被激活，而细胞不能将它们排除，它们才会变成癌变细胞”，可见所述内容是关于癌症的产生，所以空格处的语言也应与此有关。[B]中的“how cancer works”恰好是后面所有内容的总结，符合题意。[A]主要是强调that引导的宾语从句中的内容，即“我们无法阻止所有癌症的产生”，但并没有提到癌症是怎样产生的，所以相对而言，[B]更合适。
4. ____________________. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
[A] The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears.
[B] Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
____________________. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything . ... The innovator will search for alternate courses , which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
总述
[A] The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears.
[B] Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
【答案】[A]。[A]中主要内容是关于“creative approach”的，空格后说有创造力的人的主要特点就是他们不随波逐流，而总是找寻新的做事方法，正好与[A]中的“nothing is as it appears”的方法相稳合。而[B]的意思是“有创造性的人伴随着不同的鼓点的节奏前进”，它显然是一个高度概括的句子，但放在此处不够明确，前后衔接也不恰当。
5. ____________________. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at c