考研综合演练与答案详解（2）
Passage 2
The first time I saw Karl Marx was in February 1865. I was twenty-four years old. Never in my life shall I forget the impression made on me by my first visit. Marx was in poor health then, but was hard at work on the first volume of Capital. 1) __________________________________________________.
Karl Marx was one of those rare men who are fitted for the front rank both in science and in public life. He held that a man of learning, if he does not wish to degrade himself, must never cease to participate in public affairs ——he must not shut himself up in his study or laboratory and shun the social and political struggles of the day. One of his favorite saying was, “Work for the world.”
2) __________________________________________________. This room has become historical. It was situated on the first floor, well lighted by a broad window overlooking the park. On both sides of the fireplace and opposite the window were crowded bookshelves, on the top of which packets of newspapers and manus were piled up to the ceiling. On one side of the window stood two tables, likewise loaded with miscellaneous papers, newspapers and books… Books were to him tools for his mind, not luxuries. “They are my slaves,” he would say, “and must serve my will.”
3) __________________________________________________. He knew Heine and Goethe by heart, and often quoted them in conversation. He read the poets constantly. Year after year he read Aeschylus in Greek. For Shakespeare his admiration was unbounded: he had made such an exhaustive study of the poet’s works that even the least important of his characters were familiar to him.
4) __________________________________________________. At fifty he took up the study of Russian. Although the language had no close relation to any of the modern or ancient languages he knew, he made such progress in six months as to be able to enjoy reading Russian poetry and prose works.
Even his opponents were compelled to admit that he was a man of profound learning: and this not merely in his special field of economics, but also in history, philosophy, and the literature of all countries. You could question him at any time on any subject and get the most adequate answer you could wish for…
5) __________________________________________________. In the course of the day he slept for an hour or two on the sofa. For Marx, work had become a passion, and he was so absorbed in it that he often forgot his meals. Not in frequently he had to be called again and again before he came down to the dining room. But hardly and he eaten the last mouthful when he was back in his study again.
[A] He had to be of very strong constitution, to put up with such exhausting mental labour. He was, in fact, powerfully built. A man above average height, he had broad shoulders and a deep chest.
[B] He was afraid he might not be able to finish it, and he gladly received young people, “for,” he used to say, “I must train up men who will continue the Communist propaganda after I am gone.”
[C] Marx was a loving, gentle and considerate father. He used to spend hours playing with his children. They remember to this day the sea-fights in a large basin of water with fleets of paper boats, which he made for them and which he would then set on fire to their great joy.
[D] Although he went to bed very late, he was always up between eight and nine in the morning. Having drunk a cup of black coffee and read through his newspapers, he would go to his study and work there till two or three next morning—— breaking off only for meals, and when the weather allowed, for a walk on Hampstead Heath.
[E] But at my first visit, when I saw him in his study in Maitland Park Road, he appeared before me, not as the untiring and incomparable socialist agitator, but as a man of learning. From all parts of the civilized world Party comrades came to his study to consult the master of socialist thought.
[F] Marx could read all the leading European languages and write in three: German, French and English. He was fond of saying, “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”
[G] His memory was most vigorous and accurate. From early youth he had cultivated it by memorizing verses in an unfamiliar tongue.
【文章大意及结构分析】
本文是马克思战友对马克思的回忆文章。作者第一次见到卡尔·马克思时24岁。但那时马克思并不是以一位不屈不挠和无与伦比的社会主义鼓动家出现在作者目前，而是一位学者。他那间具有历史意义的房间在二楼上，它有一扇宽大的窗户，俯瞰公园，光线充足。靠墙放着装满书籍的书架。书架顶上一堆堆的报纸、手稿一直堆到天花板。窗户的一边有两张桌子，也放满了各种各样的文件、报纸和书籍…。接着，作者讲述了马克思在语言方面的天才：他能够阅读所有主要的欧洲语言，还能用德、法、英三种语言写作。他50岁开始学习俄语，半年后就能够阅读俄国诗人和散文家的著作了。在文章的最后，作者讲述了马克思繁忙的工作习惯。
全文共分七个自然段。作者基本是采用“提出观点——举例论证”这样的行文格式。第一段到第三段交代作者第一次见到马克思的时间、情景以及马克思在作者心目中的美好形象；第四和第五段，作者以生动事例描述了马克思准确的记忆力和语言方面的天赋；第六段讲马克思的博学；第七段描写了马克思繁忙而紧张的工作习惯。
【解题思路与答案详解】
1) 【答案】[B]。本题在文章第一段的结尾。它前面讲，作者24岁时第一次见到马克思。那时，马克思的健康情况不佳，但他仍然下苦功夫写《资本论》第一卷。根据行文的逻辑，下面的内容应该与这部伟大的著作有关，选项[B]就是这样的内容，是前面句子的扩展，与前面的内容有顺承关系。特别是其中的it就是指代前面的Capital。所以，选项[B]是正确答案。其意为：他唯恐不能完成这部著作。他常说，“我应该训练好在我死后继续共产主义宣传的人”，所以他很喜欢接见年轻人。
2) 【答案】[E]。本题在一个段落的开始。可以根据其后的内容来选择答案。它后面是对马克思书房的描写：This room has become historical. It was situated on the first floor, well lighted by a broad window overlooking the park. …（这间书房已成为一个具有历史意义的房间。它在二层楼上，有一扇宽大的窗户，可以俯瞰公园，光线充足。…）。据此推断，前面的内容一定涉及到“书房”，选项[E]是正确答案，其中his study即是后文的This room。其意为：可是，我第一次在他位于梅特兰公园路的书房见到他的时候，在我面前出现的并不是一位不屈不挠和无与伦比的社会主义鼓动家，而是一位学者。党的同志们为了求教于这位社会主义思想大师，从文明世界的各个角落来到他的书房。
3) 【答案】[G]。本题在一个段落的开始。它后面的内容是讲马克思能背诵海涅和歌德的许多诗歌，经常在讲话中援引他们的句子。…他特别赞赏莎士比亚：连这位诗人剧作中最不惹人注意的人物他都很熟悉（He knew Heine and Goethe by heart, …and often quoted them in conversation. For Shakespeare his admiration was unbounded: …works that even the least important of his characters were familiar to him.）。据此判断，前面应该讲马克思的记忆力惊人，选项[G]正是这样的内容，后面部分与之构成例证关系。所以，选项[G]是正确答案。其意为：马克思的记忆力极强而且准确。从少年时代起他就用一种不熟悉的外国语背诵诗歌，来锻炼记忆力。
4) 【答案】[F]。本题在一个段落的开始。它后面部分讲马克思学习俄语的情况。他开始学习俄语的时候已经五十岁了。…他已经能够津津有味地阅读俄国诗人和散文家的著作了（At fifty he took up the study of Russian. … as to be able to enjoy reading Russian poetry and prose works.）。据此判断，本题是关于马克思掌握外国语的情况，选项[F]是正确答案，后面部分与本题的内容形成例证关系。其意为：马克思能够阅读所有主要的欧洲语言，还能用德、法、英三种语言写作。他喜欢说，“外国语是人生斗争的一种武器。”
5) 【答案】[D]。本题在文章最后一个段落的开始。后面部分讲的是，中午，他在沙发上睡一两个钟头。…他是如此地专心工作，以致经常忘记吃饭。…几乎不等咽下最后一口就又回到他的书房去了（In the course of the day he slept for an hour or two on the sofa. …, and he was so absorbed in it that he often forgot his meals. …But hardly and he eaten the last mouthful when he was back in his study again.）