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高考必考英语内容:情态动词考点透视

时间:2021-10-30 10:55:22 中学英语 我要投稿

高考必考英语内容:情态动词考点透视

命题特点

  考点点击:情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等,它是英语动词中最难把握的一类,也是每年高考必考内容。

高考必考英语内容:情态动词考点透视

 

  命题热点:为情态动词的基本用法辨析,情态动词表示态度的用法辨析,情态动词表示推测的用法辨析,情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。

  考查形式:主要体现在听力理解、单项填空和完形填空中。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。

  典例精析

  一、考查情态动词的基本用法

  一些常见情态动词的非常用意义往往为高考考查的焦点,考生须确切理解其含义并根据句子意思选择正确的情态动词。

  例1:“The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by

  both sides.” declared the judge. (2004重庆)

  A. may B. should C. must D. shall

  例2:— The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?

  — Of course. (2003北京春)

  A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do

  分析:上述两题均考查 shall的非常用含义,当shall用于一、三人称疑问句中时,表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。上述三题答案分别为D、B。

  例3:He’s strange -- he ____ sit for hours without saying anything.

  A. shall B. will C. can D. must

  分析:will用来谈习惯和特性,尤其是不受时限必然发生的情况。本句意思为“他很怪,能一坐几个小时一句话也不说”。答案为B。

  例4:John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(2005全国Ⅲ)

  A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need

  例5:Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this!(2005全国II)

  A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not

  分析:must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏要,硬要、干嘛”;而mustn’t则表示禁止、不允许,是说话人强有力的劝告。故答案分别为A、B。

  例6:You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)

  A. might B. need C. should D. would

  分析:在某些名词性从句中,should 表示惊异、意外等情绪,常译为“竟然”。答案分别为C。如:It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。

  例7:_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

  A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must

  分析:在条件状语从句中,should 表示“万一”,即可表示不能实现的假设,又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为“万一明天下雨,会议就延期。”答案为A。

  例8:A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. (2003全国卷)

  A. should B. can C. must D. will

  例9:The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow. (2005浙江)

  A. should B. must C. will D. can

  分析:can 表示推测时常用于疑问和否定句中,用于肯定句中常常表示理论上的可能性,用来表达事件或情况可能发生(但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生)。故答案分别为B、D。

  二、考查情态动词的推测用法

  1、对现在或客观事实的推测

  对现在或客观事实的肯定推测一般用must, will, should, may(might)或could,语气依次递减。

  例10:Helen _____go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. (2005安徽)

  A. shall B. must C. may D. can

  例11:—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.

  —It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. (2005广东)

  A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be

  例12:That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say.

  A. can B. could C. will D. ought to

   分析:must的语气最强,译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”;should的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应该”,指按常理推测;may (might)译为“也许、大概”,表示把握不大的推断,后面常跟but。could的语气最弱,译为“也许”、“可能”。答案分别为C、D、C。

  对现在或客观事实的否定推测,常用cannot译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示推测的语气非常肯定, may not, might not或could not译为“可能不”、“也许不”,表示推测的语气不很肯定。

  例13:You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.(2004上海春)

  A. must B. shall C. may D. need

  例14:--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

  --No, it _______ be him ---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (2004全国Ⅰ)

  A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not

   分析:在例13中,might just as well表示“最好……,还是……为好”,说明喜欢的可能性不大,故用may not。例14,根据后面的I’m sure可以看出,推测的语气较强,故用can’t译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩,常用于否定语气较强时。答案分别为C、 A。

  对现在或客观事实的疑问推测,往往用can或could,而不用may/might。

  例15:Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?(2001上海春)

  A. can B. should C. may D. must

  分析:对现在或客观事实的疑问推测,往往用can或could,表示惊异、怀疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。答案为A。

  2、对过去事实的推测

   对过去已发生事情的肯定推测常用 “must/may/might +have + v-ed”,“must+ have + v-ed”意思为“想必、准是、一定是”,语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句,“may/might+ have + v-ed” 意思为“也许、或许”表示推测的把握不大,只能用于肯定或否定句,不用于疑问句;对过去的否定推测常用 “can/could /may’might not + have + v-ed”,意思为“不可能/可能没做过……”;对过去的疑问推测只用“can/could + have + v-ed”,意思为“可能已经……”。

  例16:He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)

  A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t

  分析:根据后一分句判断,前一分句应该表示肯定完成了工作,故用“must+ have + v-ed”意思为“想必、准是、一定是”,语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句。答案为B。

  例17:My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.(2000上海)

  A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended

  C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended

   分析:must表推测时,不用于否定,needn’t have +v-ed 表示“本来没有必要”,shouldn’t have +v-ed表示“本来不应该”,“can/could not + have + v-ed” 意思为“不可能做过……”。故答案为A。

  例18:--Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

  -- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.(2005湖北)

  A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t

  分析:can’t have gone far 在此表示现在对过去所发生事情的否定推测,意思为“现在不可能走远了”;答案为C。

  三、考查情态动词的虚拟用法

  例19:—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.

  --You________ her last week. (2004福建)

  A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told

   分析:对过去发生事情的责备或遗憾应用“情态动词+have + v-ed”,据此可排除答案A、C,而would+have +v-ed常用于过去的虚拟语气中,should(ought to)+ have + v-ed”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做,含有责备的含义。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。故答案为D。

  例20:He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山东)

  A. could B. would C. must D. need

  分析:“could+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中,表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味,侧重有能力而没能做成。该句意思为:“他花钱买了座位,而他本来可以免费进去的”。答案为A。

  例21:You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.

  A. must B. may C. will D. might

  分析:前一分句的should not have swum表示责备,后一分句则表明有被鱼吃掉的可能性。“might+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中,表示本来有可能做成某事但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味,侧重有某种可能性但没能做成。

  例22:—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

  —Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)

  A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done

   分析:“needn’t+ have + v-ed” 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事,无批评责备之意,只是惋惜而已