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高中英语语法中的插入语
插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。它是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的考点。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系,将它删掉之后,句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结;有时表达说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调的作用;有时是为了引起对方的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子衔接得更紧密一些。掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对英语句子等的理解,还有利于提高写作等的水平。插入语的类型较多,常见的如下几种:

一、形容词(短语)作插入语。
能用作插入语的形容词(短语)常见的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strange to say,most important of all, sure enough等。
如:
True,it would be too bad.
真的,太糟了。
Wonderful,we have won again.
太好了,我们又赢了。
Strange to say,he hasn’t got my letter up to now.
说来也奇怪,他到现在还没有收到我的信。
Most important of all,we must learn all the skills.
最重要的是,我们必须掌握所有的技巧。
二、副词(短语)作插入语。
能用作插入语的副词(短语)有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally, personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,or rather等。
如:
When he got to there,he found,however,that the weather was too bad.
可是到了那儿之后他发现,那儿的天气太坏了。
Otherwise,he would still be at home.
不然的话,他还会在家的。
三、介词短语作插入语。
能用作插入语的介词短语有:in fact,in one’s opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one’s surprise,in short,as a matter of fact,in conclusion,in brief等。
如:
You can’t wait anymore-in other words,you should start at once.
你不能再等了——换言之,你得立即出发。
On the contrary,we should strengthen our corporation with them.
相反,我们应该加强和他们的合作。
四、V-ing(短语)作插入语。
能用作插入语的V-ing(短语)常见的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of, considering等。
如:
Generally speaking,the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.
一般来说,那儿的气候冬天不太冷,夏天不太热。
Judging by his clothes,he may be an artist.
从衣着来判断,他可能是个艺术家。
五、不定式短语作插入语。
能用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse,to sum up,to start with,to begin with等。
如:
To be frank,I don’t quite agree with you.
坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。
To tell you the truth,I’m not so interested in the matter.
跟你说实话,我对这件事情的兴趣不大。
To sum up,success results from hard work.
总而言之,成功是艰苦努力的结果。
六、句子(陈述句和一般疑问句)作插入语。
能用作插入语的句子有:I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I’m afraid,you see, what’s more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等。
常见类型及例句
副词 / 副词短语(表态度、程度等)
例:Honestly, I don’t agree with his opinion.(老实说,我不同意他的观点)
常见词:fortunately, luckily, obviously, actually, however, besides
介词短语
例:In my opinion, English grammar is not that difficult.(在我看来,英语语法没那么难)
常见短语:in fact, by the way, on the contrary, for example
非谓语动词短语
例:To tell you the truth, I’ve never seen such a beautiful place.(说实话,我从没见过这么美的地方)
常见短语:generally speaking, judging from..., considering..., to be honest
从句(宾语从句 / 定语从句等充当)
例:He is, I think, the most hard-working student in our class.(我认为,他是我们班最勤奋的学生)
常见从句引导:I think/believe/suppose, what’s more important, who knows
关键用法提醒
插入语置于句中时,前后需用逗号隔开(如上述 “I think” 的例句);
疑问句式中,插入语不影响疑问语序:What do you think we should do next?(你认为我们接下来该做什么?)
注意与状语的区别:插入语侧重 “补充评价”,状语侧重 “修饰动作 / 状态”(如 “Luckily, he passed the exam” 中 “luckily” 是插入语,表态度;“He passed the exam luckily” 中 “luckily” 是状语,表方式)。
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