初中英语语法知识点之时态

时间:2021-09-04 10:44:04 英语语法 我要投稿

初中英语语法知识点之时态

  初中英语时态知识点:过去进行时的用法详解

初中英语语法知识点之时态

  (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作,此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time,yesterday等。

  I was doing my homework when my mother came to home.

  (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作,通常用While

  I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university..

  (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作

  They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn't turn up.

  初中英语时态知识点:一般现在表过去的用法

  1.用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间:

  John tells me you will leave tomorrow. 约翰告诉我你明天离开。

  I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。

  I hear you want a secretary. 我听说你需要一个秘书。

  He says the matter is rather urgent. 他说这事相当紧急。

  Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。

  It really gets me when he says those stupid things. 他说那些傻话真让我生气。

  2.当要陈述一个客观事实时,有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时:

  The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。

  The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。

  初中英语时态知识点:运用现在进行时常见的几个错误

  1、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错。例:

  (1)误:They are swiming (swim) .

  正:They are swimming (swim).

  (2)误:Jenny is plaiing (play) football.

  正:Jenny is playing (play) football.

  解析:A、动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:一般-ing;哑e先去e;重闭单辅先双写;-ie结尾y来替。

  B、动词现在分词的变化规则要与名词变复数、动词变现单三等规则区分开来。

  2、谓语部分的`构成不完整:丢掉be动词,或忘记把动词变成现在分词。例:

  (1)误:Look! Two children flying (fly) a kite in the park.

  正:Look!Two children are flying (fly) a kite in the park.

  (2)误:Li Ming isn't read ( not read) a book in bed now.

  正:Li Ming isn't reading ( not read) a book in bed now.

  解析:现在进行时的谓语部分的构成是"be+现在分词",二者缺一不可,这一点必须要牢记。

  3、对动词或动词词组提问时,丢掉代动词doing。例:

  The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问)

  →误:What are the students in the room?

  →正:What are the students doing in the room?

  解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式"What +be +主语+doing+其它?"或简写为"What......doing......? "句式。

  4、现在进行时态的谓语部分是并列结构时,容易忽视第二个以及第二个以后的动词用现在分词形式。例:

  孩子们在跑还是在跳?

  误:Are the children running or jump?

  正:Are the children running or jumping?

  解析: or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。

  初中英语时态知识点:现在进行时的应用

  (1) 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。如:

  They are planting trees on the mountain. 他们在山上植树。

  Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 母亲在厨房做晚饭。

  (2) 有些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生,或表示动作的重复。如:

  He is joining the army. 他要参军了。

  They are buying the house. 他们要买那座房子。

  (3) 当现在进行时中有always, forever, constantly, continually修饰时,表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如:

  Why is the baby always crying? 为什么那个老是在哭。

  They are always helping us. 他们总是帮助我们。

  注意:表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词,一般不使用语进行时态。

  初中英语时态知识点:过去完成时由过去的过去来判定

  由"过去的过去"来判定。

  过去完成时表示"过去的过去",是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:

  ( 1 )宾语从句中

  当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:

  She said that she had seen the film before.

  ( 2 )状语从句中

  在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:

  When I got to the station, the train had already left.

  After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

  注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:

  Where did you study before you came here?

  After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

  ( 3 )表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"

  We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

  初中英语时态知识点:过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

  虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:

  1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调"过去的过去";而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:

  They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

  They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

  2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如:

  She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.

  3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如:

  He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

  I (had) called her before I left the office.

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