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2024考研英语利用真题突破长难句
长难句是指句子结构复杂、包含多个意群、使用多种修辞手法和复杂句式,读起来比较费力的句子。以下是小编精心整理的2024考研英语利用真题突破长难句,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

利用真题突破长难句
1.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.【核心词汇】
desire [dizai?] v./n.欲望,愿望,渴望 resource [ris?:s] n. (pl.复数) 资源,财力
maximize [mksimaiz] v. 最大化 profit [pr?fit] n.利润,利益
couple with加上,与……相结合
【考点透析】强调句、主动句与被动句
【结构导图】
Thus, in the American economic system‖ it is(the demand of individual consumers, coupled
状语
with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their
被强调部分(主语)
Incomes), that together determine ‖what shall be produced and how resources are used to
谓语 宾语从句
produce it.
【具体分析】本句的主干是It is … that… ,被强调的部分有三个:the demand of individual consumers(个体消费者的需求), the desire of businessmen to maximize profits(商人追求利润最大化的欲望)和the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes(消费者个人对收入最大化的欲望),其中coupled with和and起连接作用。在that引导的部分中,determine(决定)作谓语,后面的两个从句what shall be produced(什么应该被生产)和how resources are used to produce it(资源怎么用来生产这些产品)都是determine的宾语从句。
【技巧点拨】按照汉语的习惯,英文中的被动句往往翻译成主动句,如what shall be produced(什么应该被生产)和how resources are used to produce it(资源怎么用来生产这些产品)变成主动句(厂家应该生产什么和如何利用资源来进行生产)就更符合中文的习惯。
【参考译文】因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求,加上商人追求利润最大化的欲望和消费者个人对收入最大化的欲望,一起决定了厂家应该生产什么和如何利用资源来进行生产。
2.In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers.
【核心词汇】
mechanism [mek?niz?m] n.机制 relative [rel?tiv] a.相对的,比较的
process [pr?uses] n.过程,程序 in response to作为对...的反应
【考点透析】同位语、定语从句
【结构导图】
In the American economy,(this mechanism) is provided by a price system, a process‖ in
状语 主干 同位语
which prices rise and fall‖ in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies ‖offered
定语从句 状语
by seller-producers.
后置定语
【具体分析】本句的主干是this mechanism is provided by a price system(这一机制是由价格体系来提供的),后面的a process(一个过程)是a price system的同位语,即价格体系就是一个过程,而process后面的which引导的是一个定语从句修饰a price system;定语从句的主干是prices rise and fall(价格上升和下降) ,后面的介词结构in response to(作为对...的反应,也可以意译为“随着”) 作状语,修饰rise and fall ,而in response to后面带两个宾语:relative demands of consumers(消费者的相对需求)和supplies offered by seller-producers(销售-生产商提供的供给)。
【技巧点拨】由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。例如,Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. (我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。)our new teacher是Mr. Smith的同位语,指同一人。
【参考译文】在美国经济中,这一机制是由价格体系来提供的。价格体系是一个过程,在这一过程中,价格随着消费者的相对需求和销售-生产商提供的供给而涨落。
3.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
【核心词汇】
property [pr?p?ti] n.财产,所有权,性质 ownership [?un??ip]n.所有(权),所有制
embrace [imbreis] v.包括,包含,拥抱 contract [k?ntrkt] n.合同;v.收缩
productive resources生产资料
【考点透析】并列结构not only… but also(不仅…而且)
【结构导图】
In the American economy, (the concept of private property) embraces //[陈1] not only the ownership
状语 主语 谓语
of productive resources but also certain rights, //including the right to determine the price of a
宾语 定语
product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
【具体分析】本句的主干为The concept embraces not only … but also … (私有财产的概念不仅包含…而且包含…),其中but also certain rights(也包含某些权力)后面的部分including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with an other private individual(包括产品价格的决定权,或者和其他个人自由签订合同的权利)是修饰certain rights的定语 ,补充说明其范围。
【技巧点拨】right to 为固定搭配表示…的权力,例如Everyone has the right to live in his own way.#FormatImgID_0#(每人都有权按自己的方式生活)。
【参考译文】在美国经济中,私有财产这一概念不仅包含生产资料的所有权,而且包含某些权力,包括产品价格的决定权或和其他个人自由签订合同的权利。
4.Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom.
【核心词汇】
cash register现金出纳机,收银机 ring up记录,打电话
more than不仅仅是 a range of一些,一系列
【考点透析】比较级more than 的用法
【结构导图】
(Electronic cash registers )can do //much more than simply ring up sales. (They )can keep//
主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语
a wide range of records//, including who sold what, when, and to whom.
宾语 定语
【具体分析】 第一句中的由do much more than的意思是“做的不只是”,说明ring up sales(记录销售金额)只是electronic cash registers(电子现金出纳机)工作的一部分;第二句中的who sold what, when, and to whom(谁在何时把什么东西卖给了谁) 是including的宾语。
【技巧点拨】more than的本意表示“超过,多于”在不同的语境下也可以翻译成“不仅仅,不只是,非常”例如,They were more than glad to help us.(他们非常乐意帮助我们。)She was more than a student.(她不只是个学生。)
【参考译文】电子现金出纳机做的不只是简单地记录销售金额。它们可以做一系列的记录,包括谁在何时把什么东西卖给了谁。
5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
【核心词汇】
personnel [,p?:s?nel] n.全体员工,人事 staffing [stɑ:fi?] n.配备工作人员
assignment [?sainm?nt] n.安排,作业,任务 accordingly [?k?:di?li] ad.相应地,因此
identify [aidentifai] v.识别,鉴别 preferred [prif?d] a.优先的,更受喜爱的
promotional [pr?m?u??n?l] a.促销的,提升的
【考点透析】宾语从句、现在分词作状语
【结构导图】At the same time,( these computers) record // which hours are busiest and which
状语 主语 谓语 宾语从句
employees are the most efficient, //allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made
状语
accordingly. And (they) also identify //preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
主语 谓语 宾语
考研英语长难句解析
1、If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
[译文]如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键,它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目, 这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工,而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。
[分析]本句是一个虚拟语句。it 代表上文提到的 atroubled business,即“问题重重的新闻界”。主语it 跟了两个并列的谓语成分:一是 would open up its diversity program,二是(would)look forreporters。reporters后面跟了一个定语从句。now focused narrowly on race and gender 是插入语,作 program的定语。
2、For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “ Succeed at allcosts but avoid appearing ambitious. ”
[译文]对于这样的人,以及更多也许不太出色的人而言,恰当的行为准则是: “不惜一切代价获得成功,但要避免让人看出雄心勃勃。”
[分析]For suchpeople and many more perhaps not so exceptional 是句子的状语,主语是 the properformulation,谓语是系动词 is,表语是引号里的内容。
3、International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.
[译文]在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中,跨国公司的分支机构已经成为经济领域中一个快速增长的生产部门。
[分析]本句的主干是International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production ineconomies,后面的 that open up and welcome foreign investment 是 economies 的定语从句。注意一些词汇的含义:affiliate是名词,意为 “分支机构” , 此处是指在世界各地都有分支的多国公司, 并且是全句的主语;account for 是“……的原因” ;economies 在此处指经济领域的国家概念,因此用复数。
4、I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower tradeand investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operationscapable of meeting customers demands.
[译文]我认为引起这场合并浪潮的最重要力量与导致全球一体化的力量是相同的: 运输通信费用下降;贸易与投资障碍减少;市场扩大。这一切都需要扩大业务往来满足消费者的需求。这对消费者只会有利而不会有害。
[分析]本句是一个嵌套宾语从句, 不过也并不难理解。 主句是 I believe that, that 后面是 I believe的内容。第二个宾语从句修饰的是 same,即 the same that underlie the globalization process。冒号的内容则进一步说明globalization process 的内容。
5、And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the US vs. Microsoft case?
[译文]在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中,如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案,一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的责任呢?
[分析]此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role, 而 that affect manyother nations 是 issues的定语从句。as in the US vs. Microsoft case 是 issues 的补语。on issues是 take upon itself the role 的状语。注意在阅读本句的时候要抓住它本身是一个文句, 另外,vs.的意思对正确理解也很重要,它是指 “对垒, 对阵” ,在法律的情景中就是“起诉,对簿公堂”的意思。
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