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考研英语：出题角度看图表作文“谋篇布局”
一、出题形式
例1题目：Changes in People’s Diet
Study the followingtable carefully and your composition must be based on the information given inthe table. Write three paragraphs to:
1.state the changesin people’s diet(饮食)in the past five years;
2.give possiblereasons for the changes;
3.draw your ownconclusions。
You should quote asfew figures as possible。
例2题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
Remember that yourcomposition must be written according to the following outline;
1.Rise and fall ofthe rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2.Possiblereason(s)for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3.Your predictions ofwhat will happen this year。
Your compositionshould be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures aspossible。
例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic HealthGain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 wordsand you should base your composition on the following instructions(given inChinese)：
1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况
2. 说明引起变化的各种原因
从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：
1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;
2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。
二、写作要领
图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。老师认为，写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。
三、写作步骤
写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：
1) 认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;
2) 确定文章的`主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;
3) 编列文章的提纲;
4) 根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;
5) 检查与修改。
四、篇章结构
写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：
第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想
第二段：分析产生的原因
第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议
五、作文模版(一)
问题解决型
As is shown in the picture(graph\cartoon\table)，it goes withoutsaying that the drawing aims at revealing a common problem(in China)：______.Itsstatus as the focus of public concern mainly results from its profoundinfluence on individuals, collective and even the whole world. Each of usshould attach high emphasis on solving it。
As a matter offact, the symbolic meaning the picture conveys is deep and profound. Naturallyand necessarily, there are two major ways coping with this problem. The firstway to tackle it is to appeal to authorities to take measures. Once achievingthe success of solving the problem, the whole society also thrives/makesprogress. Solving the problem can accelerate better individuals’development.The other way that is worth adopting is to work out new laws. Where there arebetter laws, there are more hopes, vitality and development. These advisablelaws eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony. Finally, I cansafely come to the conclusion that it is high time we enhanced the awareness ofpeople that is every vital to us. Only by these means can we succeed insolving the problem in the near future。(1 Therefore, measures should betaken to terminate the ridiculous affair. First and foremost, governmentsshould establish some regulations to prohibit enterprises and people frommaking such misdeeds. What’s more, people should get ready to passcriticism upon such misdeeds anytime and anywhere. After all, it isnecessary to develop our society by performing hard work instead of talking nonsense。
In my opinion, it is imperative that weshould take some drastic actions. On the one hand, we should appeal to ourauthorities to enact concrete laws to control commercial fishing. On the other hand, we should enhancepeople's awareness that ocean resources are vital to us and theecological balance will be guaranteed with the strategy of sustainabledevelopment. Only by doing so can weeffectively protect our natural resources. Also I am convinced that we humans can overcome this difficultyand we will have a bright future。)
To conclude, we should not yield to mediocrity regardless of seeminglyinsurmountable obstacles. So the prospect we are looking forward to will bebright and encouraging。
作文模版(二)
正面现象歌颂型1
As is shown in the picture(graph\cartoon\table)， it goes without sayingthat the drawing aims at revealing a common problem(in China)：______. It hasattracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly moreargumentations about it can be found in TV programs,newspapers,universityclasses and many aspects of our everyday life.Its status as the focus of publicconcern mainly results from its profound influence on individuals, collectiveand even the whole world。
First of all, ______________iscrucial for every individual.With its seemingly magic power, it can not onlyaccelerate better individuals’development, but serve as an efficient instrumentfor individuals to change the world. Those equipped with it are always admiredand respected, because it may endow them with more competence, chances, self-confidenceto overcome difficulties and handle problems.Those people appear to possess aspecial charm,bringing to others hope, passion and surprise,and,thus winningothers’favor and trust.It can directly promote the rapid progress of theorganization with its energy and indirectly spurs continuous development withthe good culture it generates.Through continuously promoting the socialproductivity, unceasingly improving the productive relationship, and graduallyenriching human material and spiritual wealth, ______________eventually bringseconomic prosperity and social harmony。
In short, where there is better______________, there are more hopes, vitalityand development. When we are benefiting from it, we shall also do our utmost tomaintain its vitality to ensure ourselves a brighter future。
正面现象歌颂型2
As is vividly in the picture(s)，it is
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