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考研英语完全倒装句型常见结构
英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。英语的倒装结构分为两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装即指整个谓语动词被放在主语的前面。今天，辅导老师和大家分享一下完全倒装的常见结构，以帮助大家很快识别倒装并还原。
常见的完全倒装结构：
(1) 副词here, there, then, now, next,等至于句首时：
Yourturn comesnow. Now comes your turn。
Edward and his wife came next. Next
came Edward and his wife。
A ticket for you is here. Here
is a ticket for you。
Notes: 主语为代词时，不用倒装
He comes now. Now he comes。
(2) 表地点的介词短语置于句首时：
An old man sat in front of thehouse. In front of the house sat an old man。
A beautiful lake lies at the foot ofthe hill. At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake。
Some students are sitting under thetree. Under the tree are sitting somestudents。
Notes: 主语为代词时，不用倒装
He came in again. In he came again。
He sat in front of thehouse. In front of the house he sat。
(3) 方位副词off, away, up, in, down等至于句首时：
The horse went off. Off
went the horse。
The prices went up. Up
went the prices。
The bird flew away. Away
flew the bird。
Notes: 主语为代词时，不用倒装
(4) 形容词/形容词短语/现在分词短语/过去分词短语做句子的表语位于句首时：(此时句中的谓语动词往往是系动词，包括be动词，持续系动词：keep, remain, stay等，感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste，变化系动词：become, go, get等。)
Mr. White and manyother friends were present at the meeting. Present at the meeting were Mr.White and many other friends。
Aboy was lying on the floor. Lyingon the floor was a boy。
接下来，给大家列举几个考研真题的例句，检测大家是否能一眼识别完全倒装结构：
a.Implicit within Taylor’sdefinition is the concept that culture islearned, shared, and patterned behavior. (2013年英译汉)
分析：这里是完全倒装，倒装结构是上述的(4)：形容词短语(implicitwithin Taylor’s definition)作表语置于句首。
译文：泰勒对文化的定义隐含这样一层意思，即文化是一种学习、交流和模式化的行为。
b.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Rossin 1992. (1997年阅读)
分析：这里是完全倒装，倒装结构是上述的(2)：表地点的介词短语(atthe core of this debate)置于句首。
译文：这场争论的核心人物是现年56岁的主席GeraldLevin。他于1992年接替已故的Steve Ross。
c.Emerging from the 1980census is the picture of a nation developingmore and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast andMidwest reaches a near standstill。
分析：这里是完全倒装，倒装结构是上述的(4)：现在分词短语(emergingfrom the 1980 census)作表语置于句首。
译文：1980年的人口普查显示，随着东北部和中西部人口发展几乎停顿，国家形成越来越多的地方性竞争。
（一）倒装句的意义
1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。
e.g. May I come in?
Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927?
2、为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。
e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.
So early did he come to school that no other students came.
（二）倒装的使用情况
1、在 "there be" 结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。
e.g. There is a box on the table.
2、在疑问句中。
e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?
What does your mother do?
3、在here, there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）
e.g. There goes the bell.
Here is an apple for you.
There she comes.
4、重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示"也一样"、"也这样"；nor, neither用于否定句，表示"同样也不，也不这样"。
e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.
My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.
5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）
e.g. "Very well," said the French student.
"Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please." said he.
6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。
e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.
比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.
7、用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。
e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this.
8、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）
e.g. Away hurried the boy.
Out rushed the girl.
9、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。
e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.
Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
10、as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。
e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is, he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠词）
Hard as he worded, he made little progress.
11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
e.g. May you succeed!
Long live the Peoples Republic of China!
12、So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装。
So happy did he feel.Such was me.
练习：倒装句
1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realized
2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.
A. you canB. can youC. you willD. will you
3. If you dont go, neither ____.
A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall
4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.
A. had I got, whenB. I had got, thanC. had I got, thanD. did I get, when
5. ---- Your father is very strict with you.---- ____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours
A. So he isB. So is heC. He is soD. So does he
6. ____ today, he would get there by Sunday.
A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave
7. Never in my life ____ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seen
B. have I heard or seenC. I have heard or seenD. did I hear or see
8. ---- Here ____! Where is Xiao Liu?---- There ____.
A. comes the bus, is he B. comes the bus, he isC. the bus comes, is heD. the bus comes, he is
9. ____ , I will not buy it.
A. Much as do I like itB. As much I like itC. Much as I like it D. As I like it much
10. ---- I like football. I dont like volleyball.---- ____.
A. So do IB. Neither do IC. So it is with meD. So is it with me
11._____ the expense, I _____ to Italy.
A. If it were not, goB. Were it not for, would go
C. Werent it for, will goD. If it hadn t been, would have gone
12. So _____ in the darkness that he didn t dare to move an inch.
A. he was frightened B. was he frightenedC. frightened he was D. frightened was he
13.-In modem times, girls like beautiful clothes.
-Yes, _____ and boys. After all, our life has greatly improved.
A. so do they; so do youB. so they do; so you do
C. so do they; so you doD. so they do; so do you
14.-You have an English class every day except Sunday. --- _____.
A. So we have B. So we doC. So have we D. So do we
15.1 wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _____, so _____ mine.
A. does; will B.will; doesC.will; would D.does; do
16. Only after I read the text over again _____ its main idea.
A. that I knew B.did I knewC. 1 could know D. I did know
17.-You seem to have learned all the English words by heart.
A.Sol do B.SodolC. So I have D. So have 1
18. -I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot.
A. So do I B. Neither do IC. I m the same D. So it is with me
19. So excited _____ that he couldnt say a word.
A. he seemed B. did he seemC. was he seeming D. he did look
20. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _____ down in the dictation.
A. he wrote B. he was writtenC. did he write D. was he written
21. Little ______ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me.
A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know&nbs
职称英语考试倒装句的用法
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1)here， there， now， then， thus等副词置于句首， 谓语动词常用be， come， go， lie， run.
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Here is your letter. 这是你的新。
2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile fromunder the bomber.导弹从轰炸机下面冲了出来。
Ahead sat an old woman.老人坐在前面。
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Here he comes. Away they went.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no， not， never， seldom， little， hardly， at no time， in no way， not until… 等。
Neverhave I seen such a performance.我从未见过这样的表演。
Nowherewill you find the answer to this question.你找不到这个问题的答案。
Notuntil the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到孩子入睡，母亲才离开
房间。
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such aperformance. 我从未见过这样的表演。
典型例题
1) Why can‘t I smoke here?At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no， little， hardly，seldom， never， not only，not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permittedin the meeting-room at no time.
三、以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also， Hardly/Scarcely…when， No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse thegift，he also severelycriticized the sender.他不仅拒绝了礼物，还严厉的批评了送礼的人。
Hardlyhad she gone out when a student came to visit her.她还没走出家门,就有一个学生来看望她。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonly… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I amfond of music.不仅是你，还有我，都喜欢音乐。
四、so，neither，nor作部分倒装
表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So canJack.汤姆会说大于，杰克也会。
五、only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way， can you learn English well.只有通过这个方法，你才能将英语学好。
Only after being asked threetimes did he come to the meeting.请了三次，他才来开会。
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriouslyill， does he ever stay inbed.只有当生病严重的时候，他才躺在床上。
六、as，though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词， 副词， 分词， 实义动词提前)。
注意：
1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2)句首是实义动词， 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will，he never seems able to dothe work satisfactorily.不管他如何努力，他都不能将这份工作做的让人满意。
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