考研英语(一)新题型小标题题的答题方式
考研英语(一)新题型小标题题的答题方式.针对每一段文字，读出每段主题或核心意思，并分清题目属于哪一类的题型，从而采取不同的方法做答。 答题完毕后，应参看下面的段落，有助于对答案进行检验。另外，有些段落的答案，在下面的几段文字中会原文重现。
(一) 小标题的解题思路
(1) 通读一遍短文，使自己对全文的内容有一个大致的了解。
(2) 针对每一段文字，读出每段主题或核心意思，并分清题目属于哪一类的题型，从而采取不同的方法做答。
(3) 答题完毕后，应参看下面的段落，有助于对答案进行检验。另外，有些段落的答案，在下面的几段文字中会原文重现。
(4) 注意答案的词性，可数名词的单、复数形式，动名词用法等。
(二) 小标题题的答题方式
1. 主题暗示题
(1) 分析主题句后归纳。
例1.
Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four?year term, is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be elected by Parliament, but by a 1991 constitutional amendment (修正案), the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law?making body with its 81 members popularly elected.
(Answer:About State System of Singapore)
在做这一题型时，要学会在文章及段落中找到中心句，即作者要表达的思想。这种题型在整个考试中出现的频率是很高的。
主题句出现的位置往往在段首或段尾。在第一句中，可以看到新加坡是按照1959年修正后的宪法来治国的。在后面的叙述中，前两句主语都是总统，而最后的一句的主语是议会。显然后面这几句是对主题句——第一句的详细说明。由此可以看出，小标题应该是新加坡的国家体制问题。
例2.
Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.
(Answer: Indications of Possible Earthquakes)
本段的第一句即为主题句，讲的是人们观察到即将发生地震时一些可能出现的迹象，此后的内容讲的都是各种各样的预兆、迹象。因此可以判断该小标题是指可能发生地震时的种种“现象”“征兆”。
例3.
Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.
(Answer:Role of Transport in Trade Development)
第一句话谈到了交通运输是对贸易发展的一大帮助，接下来的几句进一步补充说明了交通运输对贸易发展所起的作用，是对第一句主题句的详细说明，归纳起来本段小标题讲的是交通在贸易发展中起的作用。
(2) 理解段落主题句并用“原形复现”或“同(近)义替换法”。
例1. in Paris
Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation?s manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan areas. Industries of consumer goods have always been down to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high?technology industries also have become numerous since World War Ⅱ. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.
(Answer:Industries)
该段主题句讲得是巴黎是法国的工业中心。“工业”一词以其复数形式“industries”出现了两次，其形容词形式“industrial”也出现了一次，可确定划线部分应为“工业”。
例2.
Women?s rights are guarantees of political, social, and economic equality for women in a society that traditionally gives more power and freedom to men. Among these rights are control of property, equality of opportunity in education and employment, right of voting, and freedom of marriage. Today, complete political, economic, and social equality with men remains to be achieved.
(Answer:Rights of Women)
该段主题句讲的是在一个男子比女子传统上享有更多权利和自由的.社会中，女性的权利是她们获得与男性政治、社会、经济平等的保障。
例3.
It is convenient to subdivide the study of anatomy in several different ways. One classification is based on the type of organisms studies, the major subdivisions being plant anatomy and animal anatomy. Animal anatomy is further subdivided into human anatomy and comparative anatomy, which seeks out similarities and differences among animal types. Anatomy can also be subdivided into biological processes, for example, developmental anatomy, the study of embryos, and pathological anatomy, the study of diseased organs.
(Answer: The Subdivision of Anatomy)
该段第一句即主题句，讲的是解剖学的细分，其中出现了关键词“subdivide”。后面是对主题句的扩展，说明了解剖学细分的内容：“major subdivision”“further subdivided”“can also be subdivided into”。而显而易见“细分”“分类”为答案。又因答案应为名词词性，所以用“原形复现”的方法可以得出答案。
(3) 理解主题句并从试题中“of”或“by”后面的信息推断。
例1. of Receiving Adult Education
This kind of education may be in the form of self?study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.
(Answer:Ways)
这一段的小标题为“接受成人教育……”。可参照 of介词后面的提示，从文章中寻找该小标题的核心词。该段共有两句话，作者用举例的方法提到了接受成人教育的不同途径与方法。第一句讲自学方式，包括函授课程、广播大学等。第二句讲集体学习方式。经过分析，就可以得到答案。这是一种借助介词of 后面短语的帮助，到文章主题句中去找答案的方法。
例2. of Women?s Rights Movement
The Age of Enlightenment (启蒙运动时期) and the Industrial Revolution, which caused economic and social progress, provided a favorable climate for the rise of women?s rights movement in the late 18th and the 19th century. In 1848 more than 100 persons held the first women?s rights convention in New York and the feminists (女权主义者) demanded equal rights, including the vote.
(Answer:Start)
这一段的小标题为“妇女权利运动的……”。参照介词of后面的提示，再看原文。第一句即主题句主要讲的是引起经济、社会进步的启蒙运动和工业革命为18世纪末、19世纪初女权运动的兴起提供了一个有利的氛围。本段讲的是女权运动的“兴起”，本段第二句话里又出现了“first”即“第一次”的字样，令人联想到“开始”“开端”等词语。这样，含有start的答案就显而易见了。
例3. of Transport?related Industries and Trade
By moving fuel, raw materials, an
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