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考研英语：语法大全(非限定动词)
非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，是动词在句中的一种存在形式的集合，包括不定式、动名词和分词。以下是小编整理的考研英语：语法大全(非限定动词)，欢迎阅读。
非限定动词
种类、意义和特征
1)非限定动词(verbal)有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。
2)非限定动词和限定动词的基本区别
a)限定动词在句子中可以单独作谓语动词，非限定动词在句中则不能单独作谓语动词。
b)限定动词的形式要与主语的人称和数一致，而非限定动词的形式则不受主语的人称和数的限制。如：
He likes to sing
它他喜欢唱歌。
They like to sing.
他们喜欢唱歌。
限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制，的形式与主语一致。第一句为likes，第二句为like。非限定动词sing则不受这种限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。
The man walking in front was carrying a flag.
走在前面的人打着一面旗子。
The men walking in front were carrying flags.
走在前面的人们都打着旗子。
限定动词be受主语的人称和数的限制，它的形式须与主语一致。第一句为was，第二句为were.非限定动词walking则不受主语的限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。
3)非限定动词的双重性
a)非限定动词有动词的特征：
(a)如果非限定动词是及物动词，须有宾语。
(b)非限定动词可以由状语来修饰。
(c)非限定动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
b)非限定动词还有一些非动词的特征它相当于名
词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分。
非限定动词双重性举例：
He promised to do it tonight.他答应今天晚上做。(非限定动词to do的动词性质表现在它有宾语"和状语tonight它的非动词性质表现在它用作promised的宾语。)
I am sorry to have disturbed you.我打扰你了，对不起。(to have disturbed是动词不定式to disturb的完成式，说明非限定动词有时态上的变化，这也是非限定动词的动词性质。)
I saw many people spreading manure in the fields.我看见许多人在地里施肥。(非限定动词spreading是现在分词，它有宾语manure和状语 in the fields。)
There is no time to be lost.必须抓紧时间。(to be lost是动词不定式to lose的被动式，说明非限定动词有语态上的变化这也是非限定动词的动词性质。)
4)非限定动词短语带有宾语或状语的非限定动词
词组，称为非限定动词短语。如：
I have no time to finish that long novel this week.我本周没有时间读完那本长篇小说。(不定式短语)
Forgetting the past means betrayal.忘记过去就意味着背叛。(动名词短语)
Members wishing to see the play are requested to notify Li Min be fore Saturday.愿意看戏的会员请在星期六以前通知李敏。
非谓语动词
非谓语动词：非谓语动词在句中不单独作谓语，不受主语限制，可转化为从句。
The man standing there is my teacher.
一、都“非谓语” 了，为什么还是“动词”
非谓语动词的本质是动词，有动词的诸多特性，但由于它变成了非限定形式，不再受主语控制，不能再作谓语，故被称为“非谓语动词”。剑桥与朗文语法词典都将 其称为“non-predicate verbs",其中“non-predicate"是一个整体，意思是“非谓 】五“
a口 。
动词性一非谓语动词保留了一定的动词特征，如可以表达时态、语态、可用状语修 饰，及物动词需加宾语等
I want to talk to you.
I wish to be loved and respected.
I remember having read about it.
He is playing hard.
Having plenty of time, we walked there.
可用状语修饰
He is playing hard.
vt.要有宾语
Having plenty of time, we walked there.
非动词性一非谓语动词可以充当形容词、名词、副词等
(D=名词
To eat is to live.
Seeing is believing.
I enjoy reading.
②二形容词、副词
A crying child came in.
A watched pot never boils.
I come here to find out the reason.
二、不定式
时态主动被动
—般式To doTo be done
进行时To be doing—
完成时To have doneTo have been done
完成进行时To have been doing—
I hope to see you soon.
They seem to be getting on well.
r m sorry to have bothered you so much.
The boy was happy to have been staying with his grandpa.
1.不定式可作除谓语外几乎所有成分：
To err is human; to forgive is divine.（主语）
To be content with the little is true happiness.（主语）
We should agree to disagree.（宾语）
The most important thing is to save lives.（表语）
If you teach a man to fish, and he ll feed himself for a lifetime.（宾*卜）
He is the first to come.（定语）
I came to see if you are OK.（目的状语）
I was too young to understand this.（结果状语）
2.不定式复合结构：通过for或of引出逻辑主语
It is adj. for sb. to do sth（强调事物特征）
It is important for us to learn English.
It is adj. of sb. to do sth（强调人的特征）
It was kind of you to help me.
3.使役动词、感官动词，let, help, had better, would rather, cannot but, cannot help等后面跟不带to的不定式，但是变为被动，要加to
I made him study eight hours a day.一He was made to study eight hours a day.
I saw him come in and sit down.——He was seen to come in and sit down.
三、动词的-ing和过去分词
主动被动
时态肯定否定肯定否定
—般式doingNot doingBeing doneNot being done
完成时Having doneNot having
doneHaving been
doneNot having been done
1.动词的ing可作除谓语外几乎所有成分。
如果作的是主语宾语等名词性成分，则动词的-ing宜理解为动名词，其本质就相当 于名词；
若做的是定语等修饰性成分，宜理解为现在分词。现在分词有“主动、进行”的含 义
Saving is having.（主语，表语）
It is no use crying.（主语）
I enjoy playing football.（宾语）
He regrets not having worked hard at school.（宾语）
The dinner looks inviting.（表语）
Smoking room（定语）
A parrot leams by copying what people say.（介宾短语）
He saw the children playing in the yard.（宾补）
2.动词的过去分词主要作修饰成分一一定、状、补等。过去分词有“被动、完成”的 含义
Give me some plain boiled water.（定语）
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside.（状语）
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