基于ISM的公路突发地质灾害应急机制构建
摘要： 公路突发地质灾害应急机制是保障人民生命财产安全和降低灾害破坏程度的有效手段,为了科学、合理地构建公路突发地质灾害应急机制,运用系统工程理论,采用结构解释模型(ISM)方法确认并分析了应急机制构成的主要要素及其相互影响关系,建立了多层递阶解释结构模型.应用该模型,对应急机制体系进行了分析,将相关要素进行了分级,并分析了要素之间的纵向和横向关系.构成公路突发地质灾害应急机制的8个要素被划分成5个层次.应急预案是应急机制构建的综合成果,对减灾和防止次生灾害的`发生起着直接的作用;而应急预案能否发挥其应有的作用,还受到后勤保障和实施速度的影响;会商机制可以有效的保证后勤保障和实施速度;险情监测、安全隐患检查、灾害调查又为会商的顺利进行提供了大量的资料和数据;而信息机制又是这些要素的基础.要素问的相互关系被清晰的揭示,为公路应急机制体系的建设和完善提供了科学依据. Abstract： An effective response system for emergent geological hazard events could save casualty and property loss.In order to build a scientific emergency response system for the geological accidents,a multi-level recursive interpretation structure model was established,based on system engineering theory and using ISM to analyze the main elements of emergency response and their relationships.With assistance of the model,emergency-response system was analyzed and the interrelated factors of the system were classified.Both longitudinal and latitudinal relationships between the factors were fully analyzed.There were eight elements in the system,each of them divided into 5 levels.Emergency plan was a comprehensive fruit of the system construction,which directly took effect in damage reduction and seconddisaster prevention,but it was affected by logistic support and implementation speed.But consultation could ensure logistic support and implantation speed,which was supported by dangerous situation monitoring.hidden risk check and hazard investigation.And information transmission system was the base of all the elements.The relationships between the elements were clearly revealed,providing a scientific basis for construction of the emergency response system on highway. 作 者： 桂岚 李跃军 GUI Lan LI Yue-jun 作者单位： 桂岚,GUI Lan(长沙理工大学交通运输学院,湖南长沙,410070)李跃军,LI Yue-jun(中南大学土木建筑工程学院,湖南长沙410075;湖南省交通科学研究院,湖南,长沙410015)
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