高中英语名词性从句语法(2)

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高中英语名词性从句语法(2)

　　B) 在主语从句中，只有用it 作形式主语时， whether和if 都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用whether。如：

高中英语名词性从句语法(2)

　　Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.

　　It hasn’t been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.

　　C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如：

　　It all depends (on) whether they will support us.

　　D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如：

　　He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

　　E) 后面紧接or not 时。如：

　　We didn’t know whether or not

　　she was ready.

　　② 关联词if， whether均可使用的情况如下：

　　A) 引导宾语从句。如：

　　I wonder if (whether) the news is

　　true or not.

　　B) 在 “be+形容词” 之后。如：

　　He was not sure whether (if) it is

　　right or wrong.

　　宾语从句要注意的几个问题

　　? 1. 时态呼应

　　? 2. 否定转移：

　　? 3. 形式宾语it的使用

　　注：在think， believe， suppose， expect 等动词之后，宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。

　　I don’t think he will see you.

　　I don’t believe he will go.

　　注：在接复合宾语的句子中( S+Vt+O+Oc)，为了保持句子平衡，用it 作形式宾语，将从句放于句尾，常接复合宾语的动词有： make， find， see， hear， feel， think...

　　I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

　　I think it a pity to waste the food

　　表语从句的用法

　　在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句，引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。

　　That’s what we should do.

　　That’s why I want to see you.

　　1. be， seem， look等动词后均可跟表语从句：

　　My suggestion is that we should go shopping.

　　It seems that it is going to rain.

　　2. as if， because 也可引导表语从句。

　　It looks as if it’s going to rain.

　　It was because I got up late.

　　3. 在非正式文体中，引导表语从句的that可以省略。如：

　　The trouble is (that) he is ill.

　　注意：在表语从句中，当reason做主语时，引导词只能用that，不能用because，如：他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。

　　The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.

　　同位语从句

　　同位语从句一般跟在名词fact， news， promise， truth， belief， thought， idea， answer， information， knowledge， doubt， hope， law， opinion， plan， suggestion后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词.

　　The news that our team has won the match is true.

　　His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.

　　注： 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别：引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义，不作从句的任何成分，而引导定语从句的that 从句的某个成分

　　He told me the news that our team won the match.

　　He told me the news that was very exciting.

　　We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.

　　We are interested in the news that he told us.

　　2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.

　　I have no idea where he has gone.

　　I have no idea when he did it.

　　I have no idea what he did.

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