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2024年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案
在各领域中，我们都要用到试卷，试卷可以帮助学校或各主办方考察参试者某一方面的知识才能。什么样的试卷才是科学规范的试卷呢？以下是小编为大家收集的2024年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案，希望对大家有所帮助。
全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案 1
Section I Listening Comprehension
Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.
Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.
Now look at Part At your test booklet.
Part A
Directions:
For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)
Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1
Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3
Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 films
Part B
Directions
For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )
What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6
Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7
Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they cant talk with each other? _________ . Question 8
Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9
According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10
Part C
Directions:
You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )
Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.
11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .
A. Sleep in three distinct parts.
B. have many five-minute naps.
C. sleep in one long block.
D. take one or two naps daily.
12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by_______ .
A. its genes
B. its habit
C. its mental state
D. its physical condition
13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should______ .
A. take some refreshment.
B. go to bed early
C. have a long rest
D. give in to sleep.
Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.
14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?
A. he Could bring unfinished work home.
B. He might have time to pursue his interests.
C. He might do some evening teaching.
D. He could invest more emotion in his family.
15.What was his original goal at college?
A. to teach in high school .
B. to write his own books.
C. to be a medical doctor.
D. to be a mathematician.
16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?
A. To follow his father.
B. For an easy grade.
C. To change his specialty.
D. For knowledge of poetry.
Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?
A. Confidence.
B. Preparation.
C. Informativeness.
D. Organization.
18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audiences attention？
A. Gather abundant data.
B. Organize the idea logically.
C. Develop a great opening.
D. Select appropriate material.
19. If you dont start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .
A. uneasy
B. uncertain
C. frustrated
D. depressed
20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?
A. Those interested in the power of persuasion. B. Those trying to improve their public image.
C. Those planning to take up some public work.
D. Those eager to become effective speakers.
You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
Section II Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.
21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice
22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance
23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure
24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because
25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance
26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed
27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise
28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense
29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging
30. A. durable B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple
31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation
32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security
33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely
34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short
35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if
36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone
38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand
39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking
40. A. capability B. responsibility C. proficiency D. efficiency
Section III Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following fore texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points)
Text 1
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game " of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.
The last revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com.
Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And well hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That sswheresStraitford earns its keep.
Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
41. The emergence of the Net has
A. received support from fans like Donovan.
B. remolded the intelligence services.
C. restored many common pastimes.
D. revived spying as a profession.
42.Donovans story is mentioned in the text to
A. introduce the topic of online spying.
B. show how he fought for the U.S.
C. give an episode of the information war.
D. honor his unique services to the CIA.
43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means
A. causing the biggest trouble.
B. exerting the greatest effort.
C. achieving the greatest success.
D. enjoying the widest popularity.
44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 that
A. Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved true.
B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.
C. Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability.
D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.
45.Straitford is most proud of its
A. official status.
B. nonconformist image.
C. efficient staff.
D. military background.
Text 2 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just dons understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to
A. call on scientists to take some actions.
B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.
C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.
D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.
47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
A. cruel but natural.
B. inhuman and unacceptable.
C. inevitable but vicious.
D. pointless and wasteful.
48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics
A. discontent with animal research.
B. ignorance about medical science.
C. indifference to epidemics.
D. anxiety about animal rights.
49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should
A. communicate more with the public.
B. employ hi-tech means in research.
C. feel no shame for their cause.
D. strive to develop new cures.
50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is
A. a well-known humanist.
B. a medical practitioner.
C. an enthusiast in animal rights.
D. a supporter of animal research.
Text 3
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrails net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Whos going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because
A. cost reduction is based on competition.
B. services call for cross-trade coordination.
C. outside competitors will continue to exist.
D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.
52.What is many captive shippers attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?
A. Indifferent.
B. Supportive.
C. Indignant.
D. Apprehensive.
53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that
A. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.
B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.
C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.
D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.
54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those
A. who work as coordinators.
B. who function as judges.
C. who supervise transactions.
D. who determine the price.
55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by
A. the continuing acquisition.
B. the growing traffic.
C. the cheering Wall Street.
D. the shrinking market.
Text 4 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives.
56.What is implied in the first sentence?
A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.
D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
57.The author uses the example of caner patients to show that
A. medical resources are often wasted.
B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.
C. some treatments are too aggressive.
D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.
58.The authors attitude to ward Richard Lamms remark is one of
A. strong disapproval.
B. reserved consent.
C. slight contempt.
D. enthusiastic support.
59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care
A. more flexibly.
B. more extravagantly.
C .more cautiously.
D. more reasonably.
60.The text intends to express the idea that
A medicine will further prolong peoples lives.
B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.
C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.
D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.
(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
Section IV Writing
66.Directions:
1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and
2) point out its implications in our life.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案 2
第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100，A；80-89，B；70-79，C；60-69，D；Below 60，E.
Essays（60%）
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course：
Essay 1 = 10%；Essay 2= 15%；Essay 3= 15%；Essay 4= 20%.
Group Assignments（30%）
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard，our online learning and course management system.
Daily Worth/In-Class Writing and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）
Class activities will vary from day to day，but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion，so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally，from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home，both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text probably taken from？
A. A textbook.
B. An exam paper.
C. A course plan.
D. An academic article.
22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of？
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date？
A. You will receive a zero.
B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test.
D. You will have to rewrite it.
B
Like most of us，I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.
The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad，rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed，the arugula went bad. Even worse，I had unthinkingly bought way too much；I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry，“food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly”（but quiet eatable）vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact，Royte writes，“if food waste were a country，it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand，let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him，it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days.
Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington，D.C.，which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries？Volunteers will wash，cut，and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious，yet so often we just don’t think.
“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste，whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat，” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story？
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text？
A. Moral decline.
B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage.
D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does
Curtin’s company do？
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does
Curtin suggest people do？
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
C
The elderly residents（居民）in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织）to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people＇s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia，a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said：＂I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.＂
＂I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they＇ve gone to bed.＂
＂It＇s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I＇m enjoying the creative activities，and it feels great to have done something useful.＂
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East，and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson，extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street，one of the first to embark on the project，said：＂Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.＂
Lynn Lewis，director of Notting Hill Pathways，said：＂We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.＂
28. What is the purpose of the project？
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people＇s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier？
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words＂embark on＂mean in paragraph 7？
A. Improve.
B. Oppose.
C. Begin.
D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs？
A. It is well received.
B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable.
D. It takes ages to see the results.
D
Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds，from the common＂m＂and＂a＂to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others？A ground-breaking，five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world＇s languages.
More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as＂f＂and＂y＂，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（对齐），making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later，our jaws changed to an overbite structure（结构），making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn＇t have to do as much work and so didn＇t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age，with the use of＂f＂and＂v＂increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago.＂The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，＂said Steven Moran，a member of the research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi＇s research focus on？
A. Its variety.
B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity.
D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals？
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds？
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was：“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，” while another read：“__36__” With a workout partner，you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle（微妙）competition.
So，how do you find a workout partner？
First of all，decide what you want from that person. __37__ Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility？Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media，but it probably won’t result in a useful response. __38__ If you plan on working out in a gym，that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do，how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session，and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities，and provided her phone number. __39__
You and your partner will probably have different skills. __40__ Over time，both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core（核心）of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport？
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice？
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for training partner should include such information.
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My husband，our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our __41__ are funny，especially from the early years when our children were little. Once，we __42__ along Chalk Creek. I was __43__ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek（小溪）. I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was __44__，and his crying let the whole campground know it. So __45__ tying him up，I just kept a close eye on him. It __46__ — he didn＇t end up in the creek. My three-year-old，however，did.
Another time，we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we __47__，but storms move in fast in the mountains，and this one quickly __48__ our peaceful morning trip. The __49__ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to __50__ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No __51__. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there __52__，a fisherman pulled up，threw us a rope and towed（拖）us back. We were __53__.
Now，every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage，we are filled with a sense of __54__，wondering what camping fun and __55__ we will experience next.
41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried
44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix
51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空自处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park（GPNP）. ____56____（cover）an area about three times ____57____ size of Yellowstone National Park，the CPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ____58____（be）previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ____59____（increase）effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period，the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ____60____（design）to reflect the guiding principle of＂protecting the authenticity and integrity（完整性）of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，____61____ leaving behind precious natural assets（资产）for future generations＂. The GPNP＇s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ____62____（population）and homes of giant pandas，and ____63____（eventual）achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ____64____ an umbrella species（物种），bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：
1.节目介绍；
2.访谈的时间和话题。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的'相应位置作答。
Dear Caroline，Yours sincerely，Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route（路线）through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David，who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn＇t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong？He had worked so hard for this event！
I quickly searched the crowd for the school＇s coach and asked him what had happened.＂I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，＂he explained uncomfortably.＂I gave him the choice to run or not，and let him decide.＂
I bit back my frustration（懊恼）. I knew the coach meant well-he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find him coming towards me，his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer -that＇s all. David had not missed a single practice，and although he always finished his run long after the other children，he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the David faced and was school，I was familiar with the challenges the challenges proud of his strong determination.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We sat down next to each other，but David wouldn＇t look at me.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
【参考答案】
21--23 CBA
24--27 BBDA
28--31 DBCA
32--35 DCAC
36--40 CDBGF
41--45 CADCB 46--50 ADBAC 51--55 ADCDB
ring 58. were
59. to increase：60. is designed
lations
tually 65. that
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