考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案
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考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案1
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed.For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
If you flew in an airplane over the continent of Antarctica, you would look down on a great sheet of snow and ice.The snow and ice slopes gently from a central plateau around the South Pole toward the sea.Along the coasts of Antarctica, sharp mountains rise up from the snow.Huge masses of ice called glaciers slide between the mountain ridges toward the sea.At the seas edge, tremendous icebergs break off the glacier and float away.They are often enormous in size.
1) Most of the land beneath the snow is a great land mass.A chain of smaller islands is nearby.The islands and the land mass are joined into one continent by a thick blanket of ice.
Antarctica has nine-tenths of all the worlds ice.If all this ice melted, the level of the worlds oceans would rise 250 feet.Most cities along the coast would be drowned.In New York Harbor, water would almost cover the Statue of Libertys head.But the ice in Antarctica does not melt.The temperature stays well below freezing the year round in most places.Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.2)
Antarctica does not have much plant life.Only a few simple plants, such as mosses, lichens, and algae, can grow there.3) But along the coasts of the continent there are many birds, fish, and animals.
Thousands of whales and millions of seals swim in Antarctic seas.Six kinds of seals are found.The fur seal, the smallest, has long been hunted for its silky fur.The tough-skinned elephant seal is the largest.It can weigh as much as four tons.
4)
A number of birds live in Antarctica, and fly over the water and ice.5) Each year it migrates between the northernmost islands of the Arctic (the region around the North Pole) and the shores of Antarctica —a distance of about 11,000 miles.
［A］The temperature stays well below freezing the year round in most places.Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.The temperature there has been known to drop to more than 100 degrees below zero.
［B］The Arctic tern has been called the long-distance champion of the world.
［C］Most of the worlds whaling takes place in Antarctic waters.The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived.It may weigh as much as 150 tons and be 95 feet long.Smaller whales include the bottlenose, the humpback, the sperm, and the finback.
［D］They cannot fly, but they have flipper-like wings, which make them strong swimmers.
［E］Beneath the snow and ice of Antarctica lies land.Snow piles deeper and deeper on top of the land and hardens into ice.In some places, it is three miles deep.
［F］The climate is so harsh, and food so scarce, that people cannot settle in Antarctica.
［G］When the ice sheets pushed down from the north reaching as far south as the river, it does not encounter any mountains and hard rocks.
答案及详解
1.E。填写这段话时，应同时根据上下文来理解，在文章第一段当时曾经出现过“the snow and ice”这个词，当然这就应该是一个很好的启发。第一段中说的是这些雪和冰从南极点向海里运动的过程，那么进入第二段时，我们很自然就会想，当这些雪和冰移到海里之后，他们下面又是什么，第二段的空白接下去的句子就提到了这些(beneath the snow ...)，而这与所要填写的选项正是相呼应的。
2.A。填写这几句话时，主要应该从语意和语境上来理解。文章第三段的前部分，描述了南极洲存在着大量的冰，并且那些冰终年不化，于是我们就能自然而然的想到，那儿的温度也是非常之低的了。
3.F。填写这句话时，也应同时结合上下文来看。前一句说到，南极洲仅有少数的植物生命存在，后一句说的是，在大洲的海岸沿线却存在许多鸟、鱼和动物。这里要引起注意的就是那个转折词“But ...”，说明前一句就应该是说有些动物类生命是不适合在那里生存的，即人。
4.C。填写这段话时，应该看到它的前一段，即本文的第五段，说有成千上万的鲸以及几百万之多的海豹在南极游嬉。而接下来的文字，却仅仅只是描述了海豹的种类及特征，那么很明显，剩下的文字，就应该比较具体的来描述鲸了。
5.B。理解这句话并不难，主要在其中的一个单词“Arctic tern”，这是“北极燕鸥”，了解了它的意思，这句话也就看懂了。北极燕鸥在世界上被称为长距离飞行的冠军。
D。这句话的意思是他们不能飞。但是有鳍状的翅膀，使他们更善于游泳，这显然是南极洲另外一种动物——企鹅的特征，故不能选，并且它与燕鸥飞行11，000 英里之间迁徙的后文相矛盾。
G。这句话说的是那些冰块从北向南移动，不再会遇到山脉和岩石，这显然已经超出了文章的范围，因为这样的碎冰几乎已经走出了南极洲，成为人类可利用之水。并且它与在整个文章内容上不能衔接，故不能填。
中心思想
本文主要介绍了南极洲的自然风光，通过描述巨大的冰川、寒冷的天气，以及稀有的动植物，向我们较为全面地展示了南极洲的与众不同。
考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案2
Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV —if they everget home in time.There are similarities, of course, but the cops dont think much of them.
The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round the law.Most of his training is in criminal law.He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he wants to talk to.
Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily-clad (穿衣不多的) ladies or in dramatic confrontationswith desperate criminals.He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty —or not —of stupid, petty crimes.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as hes arrested, the story is over.i real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem.Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks — where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police —little effortis spent on searching.
Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work.He has to prove his case in court and to do thathe often has to gather a lot of different evidence.So, as well as being overworked, a detective has to beout at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuade them usually against their own best interests, to help him.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The first sentence implies that ________.
A.the life of the real policemen and that of the policemen on TV are entirely different
B.the real policemen will find the similarities if they can get home in time
C.the real policemen seldom can get home in time to watch TV
D.the policemen shown on TV can always get home in time
2.It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law _____.
A.so that he can catch criminals in the streets
B.because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous
C.so that he can justify his arrests in court
D.because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer
3.The everyday life of a policeman or detective is ______.
A.exciting and glamorous
B.full of danger
C.devoted mostly to routine matters
D.wasted on unimportant matters
4.When murders and terrorist attacks occur,the police______.
A.prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away
B.make great efforts to try to track down their man
C.try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputation
D.usually fail to produce results
5.What’s the best title for the passage?
A.Policemen and Detective
B.Policemen’s Life-Fun and Fantasy
C.The Real Life of a Policeman
D.Drama and Reality
参考答案
1.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查对第1句的理解。if引出的条件状语从句前的破折号表明这个假设是相对于之前的看电视来说的，而不是相对于整句话的。该句特意用if作补充说明，暗示了一些附加的信息：真实生活中的警察通常很晚回家，连看电视都赶不上。由此可见,C是正确的理解。A说法过于绝对，与原文的hardly不符。
2.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查内在的因果关系。从第2段第3句可以推断出答案,A毫无原文依据，原文中也并没有暗示B和D这两种因果关系。
3.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查对长句的理解。根据第3段第2句可以推断出答案。本题最具干扰性的是B，按照常识,警察的工作通常都被认为很危险，但是第3段第1句由Little引出的倒装句表明了他们很少与亡命之徒交锋，并非充满危险，因此B不对;而D将在文中用来修饰people的unimportant拿来修饰“事情”,显然偷换概念，曲解原文。
4.[B] 推理判断题。本题考查对复合句的理解。答题关键在于正确理解第4段最后一句，except引出的句子暗示警方只有在遇到特别严重的犯罪时追捕罪犯才会花费很大的气力，B符合文意。本题最具干扰性的是C,由本句第2个破折号后的内容可知此处主要强调“费不费劲”的问题，而C中的make a quick airest并未突显出原文的关键含义，不如B准确。
5.[C] 主旨大意题。本文的重点是说瞀察们的现实生活，全文将这种现实生活与电视里面展现的作比较,是为澄清事实，故C可概括全文主题。
考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案3
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging.Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing.We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing.No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.
The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing.They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme.The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us.Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.
Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems.And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information."Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violence say, "all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser." Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far better informed." Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.
1.What is the best title for this passage?
[A] Advocating Violence.
[B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.
[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.
[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.
2.Recorded history has taught us
[A] violence never solves anything.
[B] nothing.
[C] the bloodshed means nothing.
[D] everything.
3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men
[A] cant get a hearing.
[B] are looked down upon.
[C] are persecuted.
[D] Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.
4."He was none the wiser" means
[A] he was not at all wise in listening.
[B] He was not at all wiser than nothing before.
[C] He gains nothing after listening.
[D] He makes no sense of the argument.
5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is
[A] law enforcement.
[B] knowledge.
[C] nonviolence.
[D] Mopping up the violent mess.
Vocabulary
1.acute严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的
2.loot v.抢劫，掠夺;n.赃物
3.pillage v.抢劫，掠夺
4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物;n.碎裂声
when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时。
5.war-paint出战前涂于身上的颜料。(美印第安战士用)
6.come to light = become known显露，为人所知
7.sap剥削，使伤元气，破坏
I was sapped by months of hospital treatment.我住院治疗几个月，大伤元气。
8.mop up擦去，对付，处理
9.wake船迹，航迹
in the wake of sth.= come after随某事之后到来。
难句译注
1.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.
【结构简析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时。
【参考译文】真正令人可怖的，令人绝望的是，在关键时刻，人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进。
2.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.
【结构简析】in the wake of在…之后。
【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子，我们的力量因此削弱了。
3.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.
【结构简析】none + the +比较级。固定用法，义：not at all一点儿也不。EX: After the treatment, he is none the better.治疗后，他并没有因此见好，(一点儿也不见好)。
【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释，法官抱怨说他一无所获，并不因此变得聪明些。
4.Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom.
【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件。结合上下文这里意思是：了解情况是解决问题的先决条件。句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。
写作方法与文章大意
作者主要以对比的手法写出了暴力是有些国家用以解决种族差异的公认方法，这是人本性没有进步的表现，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解决问题的唯一途径，而这些人遭人轻视、迫害。作者指出如果我们把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除贫民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就业，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通过对它以法治理是能真正解决种族问题的。尽管这些暴力者采取充耳不闻的态度。
答案详解
1.B暴力难以消除种族偏见。文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法。白人采用暴力镇压，黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力，似乎这是一种合法的解决方案。作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面――衣饰等，人类的本能没有改变。整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。这是真正令人可怕的事件。第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人们不停。他们反而收到轻视、迫害。作者就此提出假设，答出真正的解决方案嗜法制，以法治理。第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶，是智慧聪明的必要前提。A.鼓吹暴力。C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。D.人类的本性是嗜暴性。
2.B没有什么。第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录，一点都没有教给我们任何东西。A.暴力解决不了任何事情。C.杀戮(流血)没有任何意义。D.一切。
3.D在鼓吹法制方面有困难。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。A.人们不听。B.遭人轻视。C.遭人迫害。这三项都包含在D项内。
4.C听后无所得。None the wiser一点也不比以前聪明(这是按字面翻译)。实际就是C项。A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。B.他和以前一个样。D.他听不懂论点。
5.A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。第二段第二句，他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事。B.知识。C.非暴力。D.处理暴力带来的混乱。
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