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ted演讲稿战胜恐惧
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predict the future. But we can't possibly prepare for all of the fears that our imaginations concoct. So how can we tell the difference between the fears worth listening to and all the others? I think the end of the story of the whaleship Essex offers an illuminating, if tragic, example. After much deliberation, the men finally made a decision. Terrified of cannibals, they decided to forgo the closest islands and instead embarked on the longer and much more difficult route to South
America. After more than two months at sea, the men ran out of food as they knew they might, and they were still quite far from land. When the last of the survivors were finally picked up by two passing ships, less than half of the men were left alive, and some of them had resorted to their own form of cannibalism. Herman Melville, who used this story as research for "Moby Dick," wrote years later, and from dry land, quote, "All the sufferings of these miserable men of the Essex might in all human probability have been avoided had they, immediately after leaving the wreck, steered straight for Tahiti. But," as Melville put it, "they dreaded cannibals." So the question is, why did these men dread cannibals so much more than the extreme likelihood of starvation? Why were they swayed by one story so much more than the other? Looked at from this angle, theirs becomes a story about reading.
当然，有时候，我们所担心的最坏的事情的确发生了。这就是恐惧本身如此特别的一点。偶尔，我们的恐惧可以预测未来。但我们不可能为我们想象力编造出来的所有恐惧都作好准备。那么，我们如何辨别出值得听的恐惧和其余不值听的呢?我认为捕鲸船Essex号的故事结局提供了一个富有启发性的例子，尽管是个悲剧结局。经过再三斟酌后，这些人最终作出了一个决定。由于害怕食人族，他们决定放弃航行到最近的岛屿，而选择了更长、更艰难的去往南美洲的航线。在海上待了两个多月后，他们的食物如先前预料地消耗殆尽，而他们离陆地依然很远。当最后的幸存者最终被两艘路过的船只救起来时，只有不到一半的人还活着，而其中一些人也选择了吃人肉的做法。赫尔曼·梅尔维尔(Herman Melville)在多年之后写《白鲸记》前，研究了这个故事，身处陆地，他引述道：“Essex号上的这些可怜的船员所遭受的苦难或许是可以完全避免的，倘若他们能够在离开沉船后立刻向塔希提岛(Tahiti)航行。但是，”正如梅尔维尔所说，“他们害怕食人族。”所以问题来了，为什么这些人对食人族的恐惧如此之深，甚至都超过了极有可能发生的饥饿威胁呢?为什么他们被一个故事影响的程度远胜于另一个故事呢?从这个角度来看，他们的故事变成了一个关于解读的故事。
The novelist Vladimir Nabokov said that the best reader has a
combination of two very different temperaments, the artistic and the
scientific. A good reader has an artist's passion, a willingness to get caught up in the story, but just as importantly, the reader also needs the coolness of judgment of a scientist, which acts to temper and
complicate the reader's intuitive reactions to the story. As we've seen, the men of the Essex had no trouble with the artistic part. They
dreamed up a variety of horrifying scenarios. The problem was that they listened to the wrong story. Of all the narratives their fears wrote, they responded only to the most lurid, the most vivid, the one that was easiest for their imaginations to picture: cannibals. But perhaps if they'd been able to read their fears more like a scientist, with more coolness of judgment, they would have listened instead to the less
violent but the more likely tale, the story of starvation, and headed for Tahiti, just as Melville's sad commentary suggests. And maybe if we all tried to read our fears, we too would be less often swayed by the most salacious among them. Maybe then we'd spend less time worrying about serial killers and plane crashes, and more time concerned with the subtler and slower disasters we face: the silent buildup of plaque in our arteries, the gradual changes in our climate. Just as the most nuanced stories in literature are often the richest, so too might our subtlest fears be the truest. Read in the right way, our fears are an amazing gift of the imagination, a kind of everyday clairvoyance, a way of glimpsing what might be the future when there's still time to
influence how that future will play out. Properly read, our fears can offer us something as precious as our favorite works of literature: a little wisdom, a bit of insight and a version of that most elusive thing -- the truth.
小说家弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫(Vladimir Nabokov)说最好的读者能把两种截然不同的性格结合起来，一个是艺术气质，一个是科学精神。好的读者有艺术家的热情，愿意融入故事当中，但是同样重要的是，这些读者还要有科学家的冷静判断，这能帮助他们稳定情绪并分析其对故事的直觉反应。我们可以看出来，ESSEX上的人在艺术部分一点问题都没有。他们梦想到一系列恐怖的场景。问题在于他们听从了一个错误的故事。所有他们恐惧中他们只对其中最耸人听闻，最生动的故事，也是他们想象中最早出现的场景：食人族。也许，如果他们能像科学家那样稍微冷静一点解读这个故事，如果他们能听从不太惊悚但是更可能发生的半路饿死的故事，他们可能就会直奔塔西提群岛，如梅尔维尔充满惋惜的评论所建议的那样。 也许如果我们都试着解读自己的恐惧，我们就能少被其中的一些幻象所迷惑。我们也就能少花一点时间在为系列杀手或者飞机失事方面的担忧，而是更多的关
心那些悄然而至的灾难：动脉血小板的逐渐堆积，气候的逐渐变迁。如同文学中最精妙的故事通常是最丰富的故事，我们最细微的恐惧才是最真实的恐惧。用正确的方法的解读，我们的恐惧就是我们想象力赐给我们的礼物，借此一双慧眼，让我们能管窥未来甚至影响未来。如果能得到正确的解读，我们的恐惧能和我们最喜欢的文学作品一样给我们珍贵的东西：一点点智慧，一点点洞悉以及对最玄妙东西——真相的诠释。
[ted演讲稿战胜恐惧]