语法复习十六：代 词
It 的用法
１．作人称代词
John likes playing Pingpong．/ He always does it in the afternoon．(指代上下文提到的事物)；/ It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer．/ It's very quiet at the moment．(可指时间、天气、环境等)
２．引导词
Ａ．作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。
It's important for us to learn a second language．/ It's no use talking to him．/ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun．
B．作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。
We feel it our duty to help others．/ He made it clear that he would leave the city．
C．强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分＋that (或who)…
注意: 在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。
It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar．(that引起强调句)
It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar．(where引起定从)
It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there．(when引起时间状语从句）
It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there．（that 引起强调句）
3. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。
NMET2000，23．
---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have __________?
A．it B．that C．one D．this
NMET2001，25．
The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in．
A．they B．it C．one D．which
one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。
不定代词
不定代词种类较多，用法各异，在使用中一定要注意区别。
1、both，either ，neither 都表两者范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语 ，both可用作同位语。 both 意为"两者都"，either 表"两者中任一个"，neither表"两者都不"。
2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范围，any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念，用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不；表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有；all 整个的；所有的(三者或三者以上)；所有的(不可数)。
e.g.This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing．/ None of us are/is perfect．/ All of the village was flooded．
3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody表没有人，nothing 指没有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 着眼于数量概念。"特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有"。
----How many people are there in the hall ? ----None．
----who wants to go with him ? ----No one(Nobody)．
----What can you see in the bottle ? ----Nothing．
----Is there any water in it ? ----None．
4、another，the other，the other+复数名词(或the others)，other (或other +复数名词)：another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一；与数词连用，表"再有"；the other 表两者中的另外那个，特指；the other+复数名词(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或other+复数名词)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。
---I don't like this，show me another one．(NMET 2000，16)
If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15．
A．another B．other C．more D．Each (A)
人称、物主、反身、指示代词
高考重点要求
1．掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2．重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。3．掌握it的基本用法。
一．人称代词
1）分清主格和宾格形式。
eg：---I love you more than her，child ．/ ---You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____? A． you；me B．I；you C．you；you D．I；me
2)注意约定俗成的用法。
---Who is it ? ---It's me ． ---I'd like to have a rest ． ---Me，too．
3）使用we 和you 泛指一般人
4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等
China is a great country．She has a long history．
5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she) and I； we，you and they
二．物主代词：名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。
三．反身代词
1) 在句中作宾语、表语和同位语；2)单复数的确定；3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。
e.g. I'm not quite myself today．我今天不大舒服。/ Ｍake yourself at home．不要拘礼；请随便吧。 / Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗？
四．指示代词
（一）this，that，these those
1．在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
2．this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine．
3．this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
4．that，those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
（二）such
such引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数：e.g Such is my answer．/ Such are our people．
做定语，注意和so 的区别，尤其是在so …that， such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers．(复数名词前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film．(也可为so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing．(不可数词前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．(在数量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )
练习（一）、代 词
一、强化训练：
1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_____ more up to date than the last edition.
A. any B. everyone C. either D. each
2. After paying 1,000 dollars_____ ,you'll all become full members of our club.
A. each B. all C. every D. both
3._____ was her cruelty that we all hated her.
A. It B. What C. That D. Such
4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _____ better now.
A. much B. some C. any D. very
5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_____ ?
A. one B. other C. ones D. others
6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses.
A. much B. all C. neither D. none
7. I need some blue ink today but there is _____ at hand.
A. not B. nothing C. a little D. none
8. I found the very watch of mine _____ I had left _____ .
A. where, it B. that, it C. which, one D. where, one
9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to ____?
A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do