英语语法知识点
在日常过程学习中,大家都背过不少知识点,肯定对知识点非常熟悉吧!知识点也可以理解为考试时会涉及到的知识,也就是大纲的分支。掌握知识点是我们提高成绩的关键!下面是小编为大家收集的英语语法知识点,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
英语语法知识点 1
初中英语语法:在习惯上只用作定语的形容词
习惯上只用作定语的形容词
这里说的定语指的是位于名词前作定语(即前置定语),而不是位于名词后作定语(即不用作后置定语),如main 是定语形容词,可以说mainthings,但不能说something main,因为后置定语从本质上说相当于表语,即something main 从本质上说相当于somethingthat is main。下面是几类典型的定语形容词:
一、表示相对关系的形容词
former 以前的,从前的 latter 后期的,后半的
inner 内部的,里面的 outer 外部的,外面的
upper 上部的,上游的 lower 下部的,下游的
elder 年岁较大的 eldest 最年长的
indoor 室内的,屋内的 outdoor 室外的,屋外的
inside 里面的,内侧的 outside 外面的,外侧的
upstairs 楼上的 downstairs 楼下的
【注】inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs等既可用作形容词也可用作副词。用于形容词时,只用于名词前作定语;若用作副词,则可用作表语(或名词后作定语)。
二、表示强调意义的形容词
mere 仅仅的 very 极端的
outright 完全的 thorough 十足的
plain 完全的 complete 彻底的
pure 完全的 perfect 全然的
【注】若用于其他意义,有的可用作表语,如plain表示“明白的”、“普通的”等均可用作表语;perfect表示“完美的”、“完备的”、“准确的”等,也可用作表语。
三、表示度量的.复合形容词
three-year-old 3岁大的 120-page 120页的
five-year 5年的
若用作表语或后置定语,则不用连字符:
She has a five-year-old son. 她有一个5岁的儿子。
Her son is five years old. 她的儿子五岁。
She has a son five years old. 她有一个5岁的孩子。
初中必备英语语法:八种宾语从句不省略that
引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略:
1. 宾语从句前有插入语。如:
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
2. 有间接宾语时。如:
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如:
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the childrenlike to read it.他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。
4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如:
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5. that从句单独回答问题时。如:
—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事?
—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6. 在except等介词后。如:
He has no special fault except that he smokes toomuch.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7. 位于句首时。如:
That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。
8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如:
He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。
初中英语语法:if与whether的区别
1. 引导主语从句并在句首时不用if。如:
Whether we go there is not decided. 我们是否去那里还没决定。
2. 引导表语从句时不用if。如:
The question is whether we can get there on time. 问题是我们能否按时到达那里。
3. 引导同位语从句时不用if。如:
He asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.他问我这个问题,那项工作是否值得做。
4. 在介词后引导宾语从句不用if。如:
I’m thinking about whether we’ll have a meeting. 我在考虑我们是否要开个会。
5. 直接与not连用时不用if。如:
I don’t know whether or not you will go. 我不知道你是否去。
6. 宾语从句置于句首时不用if。如:
Whether you have met George before, I can’t remember. 我不记得你以前是否见过乔治。
7. 在discuss等之后时不用if。如:
We’re discussing whether we’ll go on a picnic. 我们在讨论是否要去野餐。
8. 当用if会引起歧义时不用if。如:
Please let me know whether you are busy.请告诉我你是否忙。(若用if,还可理解为“如果你很忙,你就告诉我。”
英语语法知识点 2
1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如:
I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物。)
Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?)
Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?)
That s it.(就那么回事。)
It s he!(是他!)
2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:
Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?)
Help me!(救救我!)
We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信。)
3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如:
- Who is it?(是谁?) – It s I/me.(是我。)
4、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的`顺序表达。如:
Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班。)
– Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?)
– You and me.(你和我。)
5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如:
- What s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样?)- It s fine.(天气晴好。)
- What s the time?(几点啦?) – It s 12:00.(12点。)
It s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路。)
It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间。)
It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空。)
We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的。)
英语语法知识点 3
1. 〔误〕 Im sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop. 〔正〕 Im sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.
〔析〕 get in, 与 get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车,而get out为下车,但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词,所以其后不能接名词,我们可以讲Wed better get in. 或Wed better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车:get on/off(a train, a ship, a struck) get into/out of (a car, taxi…)
2. 〔误〕 Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero. 〔正〕 Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero. 〔析〕 over 与 above 在作为比某物高的.意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时,即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.
3.〔误〕 The Dead Sea is under the sea level. 〔正〕 The Dead Sea is below the sea level.
〔析〕在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词,over与under也是反意词。
4. 〔误〕 There is a big tree in the front of the house. 〔正〕 There is a big tree in front of the house.
in front of 是在物体外部的前面,而in the front of 是在物体内部的前面,如:The driver sits in the front of the bus.
5.〔误〕 It took them two days to walk across the forest. 〔正〕 It took them two days to walk through the forest.
〔析〕 across 作为介词有两个主要意思:① 横过,如:I want to walk across the street.② 对面,如:There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如:The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.
6. 〔误〕 The sun sets toward the west. 〔正〕 The sun sets in the west.
〔析〕 towards也可用作toward,它主要表达朝向某方向运动,但不一定到达,如:He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 时,其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词,如:I went south. 也可用作名词,如:I went to the south.也可用作形容词,如:I went to the south part of China.
7. 〔误〕 Can I write the exam paper with ink? 〔正〕 Can I write the exam paper with a pen? 〔正〕 Can I write the exam paper in ink? 〔析〕 with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具,而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。
8. 〔误〕 Im earlier today. I came here by his car. 〔正〕 Im earlier today. I came here in his car.
〔析〕在交通工具前加介词by,但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词,否则要改换相应的介词。by taxi=in a taxi
by train=in a train by bicycle=on a bicycle by ship=on a ship
9. 〔误〕 A lot of French wines are made of grape. 〔正〕 A lot of French wines are made from grape.
〔析〕 made of 是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化,而发生了某种变化则要用from,如:The desk was made of hard wood.
10.〔误〕 This is a good dictionary in English grammar. 〔正〕 This is a good dictionary on English grammar.
〔析〕关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词,其中on表示某专业用书,about则为某方面的普通读物,如:This is a book about physics.即物理科普知识。
英语语法知识点 4
名词是:人名、地名、事物名、抽象概念的名称的`词。
名词分为:专有名词和普通名词。
(一)专有名词有:人名、 地名、 国家名、 某国人、 语言名、
(Liming) (Beijing) (China、Japan) (Chinese、Japanese) (Chinese、)
星期、 月份、 节日名
(Sunday) (January) (New Year‘s Day)
专有名词的首写字母一定要大写,前面不能用冠词。
(二)普通名词有:可数名词和不可数名词
1.可数名词有:个体名词和集体名词。
可数名词单数(个体名词)=1,一般在名词前面加上冠词a/an。复数>1一般加“s”。
⊙语法重点 --名词变复数:
① 一般情况加s:地图maps;书包bags;老师teachers;橘子oranges;玫瑰roses;猫cats;床beds
“s”发音要注意:清对清,读/s/;浊对浊;读/z/;元音对浊音读/z/
/s、z、d?/后读/iz/
“ts”读/ts/;“ds”读/dz/
② 单词结尾是s、sh、ch、x + es、发音读/iz/:
女服务员们 穿着连衣裙 拿着玻璃杯 坐着公共汽车, 去上课。
waitress- dress- glass- bus- class-
盒子里走出几只狐狸,端着碟子,拿着刷子,戴着手表,吃着桃子来到海滩上,看教练 训鸵鸟。
box- fox- dish- brush- watch- peach- beach- coach- ostrich-
③ 以 o结尾分两种
1) 加es:黑人Negro- 英雄hero- 土豆potato- 西红柿tomato- 要加es
一句话语法 :英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿。
2)加s:
竹林边有 照相馆; 钢琴上有 收音机;动物园里有 袋鼠的 照片
bamboo- studio- piano- radio- zoo- kangaroo- photo-
④ 以 y结尾的分两种:
1)辅音字母加上y结尾的单词,把y变成i,再加es:
国家 城市有 工厂; 图书馆里有 词典; 婴儿 爱好听 故事
country- city- factory- library- dictionary- baby- hobby- story-
家庭 聚会吃 草莓。
family- party- strawberry-
英语语法知识点 5
来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如:
He asked what you were doing last night. 他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。
I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。
Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday? 你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗?
在宾语从句中须注意:
1. that 在口语中常被省略,但在正式的文体中,不能省;并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句,但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如:
I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。
I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身体舒服,我愿做任何事情来帮助你。
2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时,一般须用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句放到句末,此时的that不能省。如:
The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。
3. 动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气,即:(should) do的形式。
He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。
The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。
4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。
1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时,从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如:
He always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的好朋友。
When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 当老师知道我们所干的事情时,他会说我们做了一件好事。
2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时,从句的.谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如:
He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。
He said he had read the book. 他说他读过这本书。
3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实,而不受时间的限制时,即使主句谓语动词为过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。如
Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候,人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。
英语语法知识点 6
1.(误〕 Three days after he died. 正〕 After three days he died. 〔正〕 Three days later he died.〔析〕 after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after 在时间词前,而later在时间词后。
2.〔误〕 She hid herself after the tree. 〔正〕 She hid herself behind the tree.〔析〕 after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。
3.〔误〕 There is a beautiful bird on the tree. 正〕 There is a beautiful bird in the tree.〔析〕 树上长出的.果实,树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.
4.〔误〕 Shanghai is on the east of China. 〔正〕 Shanghai is in the east of China.〔析〕 在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in, on, to。 in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:Japan is to the east of China.
5.〔误〕 I arrived at New York on July 2nd. 〔正〕 I arrived in New York on July 2nd.〔析〕 at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。
6.〔误〕 He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road. 〔正〕 He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.〔析〕 在门牌号码前要用at, 并要注意它的惯用法:at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。7.〔误〕 There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall. 〔正〕 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.〔析〕 在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如:There is a tree at the corner of the street.
8. 〔误〕 Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper? 〔正〕 Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper? 〔析〕 在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on。
9. 〔误〕 The school will begin on September 1st. 〔正〕 School will begin on September 1st.〔析〕这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程,即开学之意。要注意,有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词,如:at table (吃饭), When I came to Toms home, they were at table. 还有: at desk (学习),at work (工作) at school (上学), in hospital (住医院) at church 作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意,如:at the school 即在学校工作或办事,in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。
10. 〔误〕 Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow. 〔正〕 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai. 〔正〕 Ill leave for Shanghai.〔析〕 leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配,不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有:start for 动身前往某处,set out for, sail for。
英语语法知识点 7
知识要点
表示“多少”和“第几”的词,叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
1)基数词:在十位数词和个位数词中间加上连字符 “ - “ 。如: 21 twenty -one‘基数词三位以上的数词, 在百位和十位之间,一般要用连词"and “。 如: 132 one hundred and thirty-two.
表示”万“的词英语中没有。如1万可用10千来表示。 ten thousand. 30万可用 three hundred thousand 来表示。
基数词的用法:
1.编号的事物用基数词: 如:Lesson Five, Room 101
2.表示”年,月,日“ 时用基数词。
3.表示 “几点钟, 几点过几分” 用基数词。 It is two to two. 现在是两点差两分。
4.加减乘除用基数词。 One plus two is three.一加二等于三。Eight minus four is four. 八减四等于四。
Two times two is four.二乘二等于四.Ten divided by two is five.十除二等于五。
5表示百分数用基数词.
Thirty percent of them is water. 它们当中有30%的水。
6.表示分数时,分子数字用基数词, 但分母要用序数词, 如分子不是1,序数词要用复数形式。
One-fifth of the books are mine. 三分之一的书是我的。
Three-tenths of water is disappeared. 十分之三的水不见了。
2)序数词:表示数目顺序的词用序数词。
1.序数词1━19 除第一,第二,第三,第五,第八,第九, 第十二变化不规则外, 其余均由在基数词后加上 -th。
2.十位整数的序数词的'构成方法是, 是将十位整数基数词的词尾 -y 变成 i 再加 -eth。
3.几十几的序数词,只是把个位数变成序数词, 十位数不变。
4.第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。
one hundred and twenty-first ,one thousand,three hundred and twentieth
5.序数词的缩写形式 有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。
first--lst second--2nd third--3rd fourth--4th sixth--6th twentieth--20th twenty-third--23rd 其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。
6.通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再”,“又”.
We’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?
7.基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后(名词需大写) 即可,不需要添加定冠词。
the first lesson-Lesson One ,the fifth page-Page 5, the twenty-first room-Room 21
练习请看第二页
1. I‘ve read ______ sports news about the F1 race today.
A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of
2. During World War II, a Jewish(犹太)lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her ______.
A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth
3. The river through our city, which is about _________, is clean again.
A. 6000 meters long B. 6000-metres-long
C. 6000-metre-long D. 6000 meter long
4. I study in Yu Cai Middle School. There are two ____students in our school.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of
5. They said they would have holiday.
A. a two-month B. two months C. two-months D. two-month’s
6.-When was the PLA founded?
-It was founded on ____.
A. July 1. 1921 B. October 1.1949
C. May 1.1922 D. August 1.1927
7. In the past two years, many tall buildings have been built in our city. The tallest is an that stands in the centre.
A. 80-floor building B. 60-floor building
C. 80-floor buildings D. 70 floors building
8.The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.
A. were ; was B. was ; was C. was ; were D. were ; were
9.- How soon will you finish your work? -In about _______.
A. one and a half month B. one month and a half
C. one and half a month D. a month and half
10.-Would you like some fruit, madam? -Oh, yes. _______, please.
A. 5 kilo bananas B. 5 kilos of bananas
C. 5 kilo of bananas D. 5 kilos of banana
小升初英语专项练习 完形填空及答案1
John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He called the doctor and made sure they ___1___ meet at five. He arrived at the doctor’s at twenty ___2___ five. He thought, “ It’s a little bit earlier. I’ll wait for a moment. It’s good ___3___ there on time.”
___4___ he stopped his car in front of the doctor’s. He ___5___ and saw a noisy square not far from here. He went there and sat down on a chair to enjoy the last light of afternoon sun and ___6___ himself quiet. He saw some children playing and some women talking to each other happily.
Suddenly he ___7___ a girl crying. He came up to her and asked some questions. Then he knew she got lost. John tried to find out her ___8___ and took her home. The girl’s parents were very thankful.
Then John hurried to the doctor’s. When the doctor saw him, he was very ___9___ and said, “You’re late. Why did you keep me waiting for twenty minutes?” John said ___10___ except one word—sorry.
1. A. should B. shall C. would D. will
2. A. past B. to C. of D. after
3. A. to arrived at B. to get C. to leave D. to ride
4. A. Every time B. From now on C. Before D. Then
5. A. looked for B. looked after C. looked at D. looked around
6. A. made B. let C. had D. felt
7. A. hears B. was hearing C. heard D. would hear
8. A. name B. school C. age D. address
9. A. polite B. angry C. happy D. kind
10 A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
【答案】CBBDDACDBD
小升初英语专项练习 完形填空及答案2
When you are in England, you must be very careful in the streets ___1___ the traffic drives___2___ the left. ___3___ you cross a street, you must look to the ___4___ first and then left.
In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from work, the streets are very___5___. Traffic is most dangerous then.
When you go by bus in England, you have to be ___6___, too. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. Have a look first, ___7___ you will go the wrong way.
In many English cities, there are big buses ___8___ two floors. You can sit on the second floor.___9___ there you can see the city very ___10___. It’s very interesting.
1. A. so B. but C. however D. because
2. A. in B. on C. to D. by
3. A. After B. While C. Before D. But
4. A. left B. right C. buses D. front
5. A. busy B. long C. many D. dirty
6. A. safe B. busy C. dangerous D. careful
7. A. and B. or C. because D. when
8. A. with B. in C. on D. for
9. A. On B. From C. Off D. To
10. A. well B. good C. fine D. nice
【答案】DBCBADBABA
小升初英语专项练习 完形填空及答案3
Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started drawing when he was three years old, and when he was five he was already very ___1___ at it. He drew many beautiful interesting pictures, and many people ___2___ his pictures. They thought this boy was going to be ___3___ when he was a little older, and then they were going to ___4___ these pictures for a lot of money.
Jimmy’s pictures were quite different from other ___5___ because he never drew on all of the paper. He drew on ___6___ of it, and the other half was always ___7___.
“That’s very clever,” everybody said. “___8___ other people have ever done that before.”
One day somebody asked him, “Please tell me, Jimmy. Why do you draw on the bottom (底部) half of your pictures, ___9___ not on the top half?”
“Because I’m small,” Jimmy said, “and my brushes (毛笔) can’t ___10___ very high.”
1. A. poor B. sad C. glad D. good
2. A. bought B. brought C. sold D. took
3. A. different B. clever C. famous D. rich
4. A. buy B. show C. leave D. sell
5. A. men’s B. people’s C. boy’s D. child’s
6. A. half B. part C. side D. end
7. A. full B. empty C. wrong D. ready
8. A. No B. Some C. Any D. Many
9. A. then B. and C. but D. or
10. A. change B. turn C. pull D. reach
【答案】DACDBABACD
小升初英语专项练习 完形填空及答案4
Mr Smith lives in the small village, but he works in an office in a big city. He goes to work by train every morning and comes ___1___ the same way.
One morning while he was ___2___ his newspaper on the train, a man ___3___ him came up to him. Mr Smith had not met him before. The man said, “___4___ ” to him and then ___5___ to talk to him. The man said, “Your ___6___ isn’t interesting, is it? You got on the same train at the same station at the same time ___7___ morning and you always sit in the same seat and read the same newspaper.”
When Mr Smith ___8___ this, he put his newspaper down, turned around and ___9___ to the man angrily, “How do you know all that about me?”
“Because I’m ___10___ sitting in the same seat behind you,” the man answered.
1. A. family B. house C. village D. home
2. A. seeing B. look C. reading D. finding
3. A. before B. behind C. beside D. next to
4. A. Sorry B. Thanks C. Hello D. Goodbye
5. A. refused B. stopped C. ordered D. began
6. A. life B. work C. office D. child
7. A. one B. every C. this D. yesterday
8. A. heard B. listened C. found D. felt
9. A. asked B. said C. told D. talked
10. A. never B. hardly C. always D. sometimes
【答案】DCBCDABABC
小升初英语专项练习 完形填空及答案5
On Christmas Eve a few days ago, an English couple, the Hardens, got a very special call. It was only a 20-second call but it was very ___1___. The Hardens’ 15-year-old daughter has gone ___2___ six months before. On Christmas Eve she rang them. “I’m phoning to wish you a happy Christmas, ” she said, “I love you.”
Ronals and Edwine Harden were so ___3___ that they started a special telephone service(服务)called “Alive and Well”. The service helps ___4___ to get in touch with children who have run away from home.
Young people can phone “Alive and Well” and leave a message for their parents. The telephone are answered by answering machines. So ___5___ can speak to the child or make him return home. Parents of runaway children who are ___6___ eighteen can ask the police to bring their children home. So children do not want to tell their parents where they are. Through “Alive and Well” they can telephone their parents and they do not ___7___ about this or giving out their addresses.
The Hardens and their helpers ___8___ the telephone messages and connect(联系)the addresses given. About 30,000 British teenagers have left home and many of them are probably in ___9___. For only two pence(便士)they can go into a telephone coin box and call their parents. They can dial 5675339 and ___10___ a parents worry: Is he dead or alive?
1. A. interesting B. important C. difficult D. exciting
2. A. away B. out C. back D. along
3. A. angry B. happy C. sad D. kind
4. A. teachers B. people C. parents D. friends
5. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one
6. A. at B. above C. over D. under
7. A. think B. worry C. talk D. hear
8. A. ask for B. listen to C. look up D. write down
9. A. Paris B. Tokyo C. London D. New York
10. A. stop B. make C. feel D. leave
【答案】BABCDDBDCA
英语语法知识点 8
1. Look! Here the bus comes.(×)
Look! Here comes the bus.(√)
[析] 在以here, there引起的陈述句中,若句子的主语是名词,要用倒装语序,即用“Here /There+动词+名词”结构;但主语若是代词时,则不用倒装语序, 即用“Here/There +代词+动词”结构。
2. I do well in playing football, _______. (我妹妹也行。)A. so my sister does(×)B. so does my sister(√)
Li Lei is really a football fan. --- _______. (确实这样.) A. So is he(×) B. So he is(√)
[析] “so+be动词/助动词+主语”的倒装结构表示前面所述情况也适用于后者,意为“……也是这样”;“so+主语+be动词/助动词”的陈述结构表示对前述情况的肯定,意为“……确实如此”。
3.重庆比中国的其他城市都大。
Chongqing is larger than any city in China. (×)Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (√)
[析] “any city in China”包括了重庆这座城市, 同一事物自己与自己不能做比较,只有在city 前加上other才能表示重庆和中国的其它城市比较大小。
The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. (×)
The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing . (√)
[析] 表示比较时,句子中的两个比较对象必须一致,不同的比较对象不能做比较。错误句的比较对象分别为the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing,这两个不同类的事物之间不能做比较。
4, His sister married with a teacher last summer.(×)His sister married a teacher last summer. (√)
[析] 表达“A和B结婚”,要用A married/will marry B。这时务必要避免受汉语影响使用A married/will marry with B。
5. 例There is going to have a film tonight. (×) There is going to be a film tonight. (√)
[析] 一般将来时用在 There be 句式中时,be going to或will之后的动词原形只能用be,也就是说要用There is (are) going to be.... / There will be....。
6. 例I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday. (×)I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.(√)
[析] 习惯上在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词用了一般将来时,从句的.谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
7.例 Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. (×)
Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun. (√)
[析] 习惯上在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句的谓语动词用了一般过去时,从句的谓语动词要用过去的某种时态。但如果从句表述的是一客观事实或客观真理时,则不受主句时态的影响,而用一般现在时。
8. All the balls are not round. 翻译成汉语:
所有的球都不是圆的。(×)并不是所有的球都是圆的。(√)
[析] all, every, both等词和not连用时,not通常放在all, every, both的后面,一般情况下表示部分否定,意为“并非……都……”。
9. 例--- He didn’t go to school yesterday, did he?-- _______, though he didn’t feel very well.
A. No, he didn’t (×) B. Yes, he did (√)
例--- Don’t you usually come to school by bike?-- _______. But I sometimes walk.
A. No, I don’t (×) B. Yes, I do (√)
[析] 习惯上英语中的yes意为“是的”,no意为“不”,但在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句或否定疑问句中,yes意为“不”,no意为“是的”。
10.---- Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here?---- No,its about _______.
A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes
walk D. 7 minutes walk
答案为C。本题考查名词所有格用法。当名词的复数以-s结尾时,则只需要加“”即可,则“7分钟的距离”为“7 minutes walk”。
英语语法知识点 9
1.人称代词
主格: I we you she he it they
宾格: me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i,再+er heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化: well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 缩略形式
I’m = I am
you’re = you are
she’s = she is
he’s = he is
it’s = it is
who’s =who is
can’t =can not
isn’t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book,
a peach
an egg
an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter
8. 基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
11. there be 结构 肯定句:
There is a … There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…?
Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please.
13. 现在进行时。通常用“now”。 形式:
be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
动词 —ing 的.形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
run –running swim—swimming
14 一般现在时。
通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
肯定句: I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑问句: Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。
eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2.You should keep quiet in the library.
16. 一般过去时态
(a) be 动词的过去式: I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
(b) 动词过去式:
肯定句: I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo.
一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week.
(3)动词过去式的变化:
规则动词的变化:
Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。
Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied
eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
eg: stop --stopped
不规则动词的变化:
is/am—was,
are—were,
do—did,
have/has—had,
make—made,
fly-flew/u:/ eat—ate,
take—took,
run—ran,
sing—sang,
drink—drank 等等
17. “Wh-” questions.
What are you doing? What colour is it?
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
How much is the toy bear?
英语语法知识点 10
英语语法感叹句知识点:带有so和such的感叹句
一、so+形容词
You’re so kind! 你太好了!
It’s so expensive! 太贵了!
That’s so lovely! 太可爱了!
二、such a / an (+形容词)+单数可数名词
He’s such a nice boy! 他是个那么好的男孩子!
It’s such a lovely little box! 这个小盒子太可爱了!
三、such (+形容词)+不可数 / 复数名词
They talk such rubbish! 他们说的话真无聊!
They’re such kind people! 他们那些人可真好!
英语语法祈使句知识点:把祈使句变为感叹句
将下列句子变成感叹句:
1. It is quite a nice present.→_____ _____ nice present!
2. We have fine weather today.→ _____ _____ weather we have today!
3. It’s sunny today.→_____ _____ sunny day it is today!
4. The children are working hard.→ _____ _____ the children are working!
5. She played basketball wonderfully.→ _____ _____ she played basketball!
6. He is good at singing.→_____ _____ he sings!
7. He was doing well in dancing.→ _____ a _____ dancer he was!
8. Tom coughs badly.→_____ _____ _____ cough Tom has!
9. The fish is very lovely.→_____ _____ the fish is!
10. They live a happy life today.→ _____ _____ _____ life they live! 将下列句子变成祈使句:
11. Would you like to wait a moment?→_____ _____ a moment.
12. Can I use your bike?→Please _____ _____ your bike.
13. You’d better not smoke here.→_____ _____ here.
14. You must be careful with your handwriting. _____ _____ with your handwriting.
15. Will you please not play with my pencil? →____ ____ with my pencil,____. 提高型
1. ____ a nice watch it is!(1998山东)
A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a
2. ____ bright girls they are!(1998浙江)
A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. how a
3. ____ interesting the film is!(1998湖北)
A. WhatB. What anC. How
4. ____ sunny day! Let’s go out for a walk.(1999江西)
A. How aB. HowC. What aD. What
5. ____ hard work it is!(1999浙江)
A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an
6. ____ day it is! It’s rainy again. (1999江西)
A. How badB. What a badC. How fineD. What a fine
7. ____ great day July 1,1997 will be! (1999上海)
A. How aB. What aC. HowD. What
8. ____ expensive trousers!(1999浙江)
A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. What an
9. Please ____, they’re having a meeting.(1998黑龙江)
A. not be so noisyB. Be quiteC. mustn’t talkD. no speaking
10. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.(河北)
A. Not to forgetB. Not forgetC. Forget notD. Don’t forget 综合型
1. ____ girl she is!(1998河北)
A. What bright aB. How a brightC. How bright aD. What bright
2. ____ weather we have today!(1983上海)
A. A fineB. What a fineC. How a fineD. What fine
3. ____ careless he is!(1986吉林)
A. WhatB. HowC. So muchD. How much
4. ____ from Beijing to London!(1993黑龙江)
A. How long way it isB. What a long way is it C. How long way is itD. What a long way it is
5. Oh, John, ____ you gave us!(1990内蒙古)
A. How a pleasant surpriseB. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise
6. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____?(1990北京西城区)
A. won’t weB. will youC. don’t weD. shall we
7. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____?(1999天津)
A. do youB. will youC. can youD. could you
8. –Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I ____.
A. don’tB. won’tC. can’tD. haven’t
9. ____ down the radio. The baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. TurningB. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn
10. Lucy, ____ the door or someone’ll come in.(1996河南)
A. closeB. closesC. not closeD. is closing
11. ____ and play football in the street after lunch.(哈尔滨)
A. Let’s not to goB. Let’s not goC. Let’s don’t go D. Not let’s go
12. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus.(安徽)
A. Not parkingB. Not smokingC. No parkingD. No smoking
13. ____ useful work they have done!(20xx上海)
A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an
14. ____ nice picture you gave me!(20xx杭州)
A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an
15. ____ Chinese in you English class.(20xx西安)
A. Not speakB. Don’t speakC. Speak notD. Don’t speaking
英语语法祈使句知识点:祈使句与感叹句
一、祈使句
1. 祈使句主要用于提出请求,发出邀请,给予指示、忠告或警告,也可发出命令等。
2.祈使句的特点是:一般不出现主语(you),但有时为了指明向谁请求或命令,也可以说出主语;谓语动词一律用原形;否定式一律在动词前面加 don’t。如:
Come this way, madam. 这边走,夫人。
Don’t lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。
Someone fetch a pail of water. 谁去打一桶水来
3. 有关祈使句最可能涉及的考点是:祈使句带主语以及“祈使句+and / then / or+陈述句”这一句型(祈使句表示条件)。另外,祈使句与反意疑问句一起考查也是高考一大特点。如:
Let’s phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给她打电话,好吗?
You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你们女孩子站在前排,好吗?
Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam. 努力点,你会通过考试的。
请做以下试题:
(1) Jim, you go there to help him, _______?
A. do you B. will you C. are you D. have you
答案选B。句首的呼语 Jim 清楚地表明这一个祈使句,只是其前带了主语而已。
(2) ________ me back my money, or I’ll ring the police.
A. Giving B. Given C. Give D. To give
答案选C。填空处为祈使句谓语,故用动词原形。
二、感叹句
感叹句的基本结构特点是:
What+a / an+(adj.) 单数可数名词 (+主语+动词)!
What +adj.+不可数名词或复数可数名词!
How+adj. / adv.(+主语+动词)!
How adj.+an +单数可数名词 (+主语+动词)!
如:
What a lovely day it is! 多好的天气!
What a good heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣!
How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明!
How clever a boy he is! 他这孩子真聪明!
注:以上基本结构也可能有变体。如:
How nice of you to come! 你来了真好!
What a joy to have you with us! 有你和我们在一起真令人高兴!
What a mistake it is to have come! 来这里是个多大的错误呀!
英语语法陈述句知识点:陈述句转换感叹句详解
一、如何快速掌握感叹句?
学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键,陈述句变感叹句实际上就是句子成分位置的移动。
例1 She is smiling sweetly.
→How sweetly she is smiling!(移动状语)
二、哪些句子成分可能会移动位置?
通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置,一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。位置可能会变动的句子成分:宾语、表语和状语。
例2 Mr Turner told us a funny story.
→What a funny story Mr Turner told us!(移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语)
三、如何确定使用what还是使用how?
当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how,一般可以这样来确定:位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what,是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + N
例3 What a cool bike you are riding!(a cool bike 名词短语)
例4 How fast he is riding!(fast 副词)
例5 How cool a bike you are riding!(how + adj. + a/ an +N)
四、如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词?
名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词,以元音音素开头的词语之前用an,以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。
例6 What beautiful sunshine it is today!(sunshine 不可数名词)
例7 What a useful book this is!(useful 以辅音音素开头)
例8 What an old house that is!(old 以元音音素开头)
五、感叹句有哪几种格式?
简单地说是“两型七式”:两种句型是以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型,七种格式是
① what + a + adj. + N+ S +V
② what + an + adj. +N +S +V
③ what + adj. + N(不可数) + S +V
④ what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S+V
⑤ how + adj.+ S +V
⑥ how + adv. + S + V
⑦ how + adj. + a/ an + N + S+V
例 What exciting news it is!(what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S + V结构)
例9 What good teachers they are!(what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S+V结构)
例10 How warmly they are discussing!(how + adv. + S + V结构)
例11 How beautiful a picture it is!(how + adj. + a/ an + N + S + V 结构)
六、以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换?
这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的.:
1.含有“a/ an + adj. + N ”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。
2.名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/ an + adj. + N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。
例12 What an expensive glass he broke! →How expensive a glass he broke!
例13 How beautiful the birds are! →what beautiful birds they are!
(说明:N代表名词,未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式,S代表主语,V代表动词)
七、在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略?
常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。
例14 What a naughty boy!(省略了he is)
八、有什么巧妙的办法记住这些规律吗?
以上的解释说明似乎很复杂,其实理清了思路、抓住了要领、掌握了规律并不是那么难的。为了便于同学们记忆我把以上规律编成了一段顺口溜,请同学们对照阅读。
陈述句述事实,感叹句表感情。
陈述变成感叹句,主谓系表先分清。
宾语状语移句首,表语亦须打头阵。
名词之前用what,形副之前how先行。
复数名词无冠词,事先分析莫轻心。
如果名词不可数,摒弃a, an不留情。
冠词a, an要分明,清音辅音是标准。
句子结构要完整,标点符号亦变更。
总结规律进步快,编个歌诀给你听。
高考英语语法速记口诀:感叹句用法
【速记口诀】
感叹句,并不难,what、how放句前;
强调名词用what,其余用how很简单。
【妙语诠释】由what引导的感叹句一般修饰名词,而how引导的感叹句一般修饰形容词、副词或句子。
小升初英语必考考点:辨别What和How感叹句的有效方法
小编给同学们总结了小升初必考考点,在我们考试中是经常可以遇到的,希望同学们学习后能有所帮助。更多小升初英语考点尽在。
先说说两个感叹句的句型吧!
What+n/n短语+主+谓
How+adj/adv+主+谓
先划掉感叹句后面主谓的,剩下的是名词就what,如果剩下的是形容词或者副词就用how。当然名词还需辨别可数不可数来确定是否有冠词a/an。
例如:
1)._______ delicious food it is!
2)._______ delicious the food is!第一句划掉主谓后剩下 food 这个名词,显然用What;第二句划掉主谓之后剩下的是delicious形容词,显然就用How。
英语语法知识点 11
英语考试中,学生常常因为基础知识的不牢固而失分,甚至影响到自己升入理想的初中,20xx考试在即,网整理了英语练习题,供大家数学复习。一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格
一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
二)名词的格
1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
? 并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
? 要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用 of +名词来表示所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的`可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /
an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an
exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
2)定冠词:the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法:
1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.
5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况:
1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
三、代词:人称代词,物主代词
人称代词 物主代词
主格 宾格
第一
人称 单数 I(我) me my(我的)
复数 we(我们) us our(我们的)
第二
人称 单数 you(你) you your(你的)
复数 you(你们) you your(你们的)
第三
人称 单数 he(他) him his(他的)
she(她) her her(她的)
it(它) it its(它的)
复数 they(他们/她们/它们) them their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a
little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:
⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;
⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
⑷ 以辅音字母+y结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
五 数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词
1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,
sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
2)21-99 先说几十,再说几,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→
eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
3)101—999先说几百,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个,第一个,前为thousand.第二个,前为million,第三个
,前为billion
1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
二、序数词
1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
2)不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
4)从二十一后的几十几直至几百几十几或几千几百几十几只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
六、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具体日期。
注:(1)关于在周末的几种表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整个周末
during the weekend在周末期间
(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1)表示时段、时期,在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,
the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
七、动词:动词的四种时态:
1)一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited
②以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study – studied carry – carried worry –
worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read
,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose
– lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
3)一般将来时:
基本结构: ①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
英语语法知识点 12
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。
I不定冠词
We need an apple and a knife.
我们需要一个苹果和一把刀子。
1.a和an的区别
不定冠词有a[+]和an[+Q]两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的'词前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
a boy, a university, a European country
u是元音字母,但发音是[U(],是辅音。
an hour,an honor,an island
h是辅音字母,但它不发音,它的音标是是元音。
an elephant,an umbrella,an egg
2(1)不定冠词的用法
①泛指—类人或物。
eg. This is a pencil case.
②指不具体的某个人或物。
eg. I met an old man On my way home.
③用在序数词前,相当于another.
eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.
④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every.
eg. They have music lessons twice a week.
必背!
give a lesson take a bath have a rest
教(一堂)课洗(个)澡休息
have a talk have a fever have a good time
听报告发烧过得愉快
have(take)a walk have a headache have a nice trip
散步头疼旅途愉快
a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo
(2)不定冠词的位置
①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。
eg, a bike, an egg
②当名词被such, what, many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。
eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
What a dangerous job it is!
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.
③当名词前的形容词前有so, how, too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is!
④当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, very时,不定冠词放在quite, rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.
That is rather a useful too1.
This is a very interesting story.
英语语法知识点 13
after与behind的用法区别
两者均可表示“在…之后”,其区别是:
(1) after 主要用于时间或次序,behind 主要用于位置:
He decided to leave after lunch. 他决定午饭后离开。
Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。
The hospital is behind the post office. 医院在邮局后面。
behind 有时也用于时间,表示“迟于”,主要用于behind time (迟,晚)这一习语:
The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火车晚点 20 分钟。
(2) 两者都可用于引申义,after 侧重指追求、寻找、模仿等;而behind 则侧重指在背后、支持、落后等:
The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。
Many young people are after her 初中数学. 许多年轻人都追求她。
We are behind you completely. 我们完全支持你。
He is behind the others in maths. 他的不如别人。
if 和 whether用法
if 和 whether用法
whether和if用法相同吗?
有时相同,有时不同。 whether和if都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为“是否”,在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。例如:
She asked me if/whether I could help her with if 和 whether用法 her English.她问我是否能帮她学。
I dont know if/whether it is going to rain.我不知道是否会下雨。
它们之间的.相同点我已明白。它们之间有什么不同呢?
[老师]在下列六种情况下,只能用whether,不能用 if:
1.在带to的动词不定式前。例如:
She hasnt decided whether to go or not.她还没有决定去还是不去。
He doesnt know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.他不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。
2.在介词后面。例如:
Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.我在想我们是否该去钓鱼。
Im not interested in whether shell come or not.她来不来,我不感。
3.直接与or not连用时。例如:
I cant say whether or no the will come on time.他能否准时来,我说不准。
I dont know whether or not they will come to help us.我不知道他们是否会来帮助我们。
4.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中。例如:
We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week.我们讨论下周我们是否举行运动会。
5.宾语从句提前时只能用whether。例如:
Whether this if 和 whether用法 is true or not,I cant say.这是不是真的,我说不准。
6.引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用 whether。例如:
Whether he is right or wrong is a question.他是对还是错仍是个问题。
The question was whether he went there last night.问题是他昨晚去没去那里。
那么,在什么情况下用if不用whether呢?
[老师]在下面三种情况下用if不用whether:
1.引导条件状语从句,if意为“如果”时,不可用 whether代替。例如:
We will go swimming if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天气好,我们将去游泳。
Well go hiking ifit doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们将去徒步旅行。
2.引导否定概念的宾语从句时一般用if。例如:
He asked me if I hadnt finished my homework.他问我是否没有完成作业。
3.状语从句中的even if(即使)和as if(好像)中的if不能用whether来替代。例如:
Ill not let you watch TV even if youre free.即使你有空,我也不让你看电视。
He talks as if he knew all about it.他说话的口气好像他全部都已知道了。
OK,讲了这么多,不知你听明白了吗?
听明白了。Thank you,sir.
英语语法知识点 14
英语语法知识:It be time +(that)从句
在英语里,“It be time +(that)从句”是一个较为常用的句型,它表示“该做……的时候了”的意思。该句型属于主从复合句的一种;其主句部分为"It be time",从句部分的连词that可以省略。以下从三个方面简要谈谈这一句型。
一、time前面的修饰语
句型“It be time +(that)从句”通常暗示“有点迟了”,为了强调这一含义,可以在time的前面加形容词high.例如:
Its high time we started.
It is high time that more women ran the arts.
为了使语气得到进一步的加强,还可以在high的前面加certainly, more than等副词或词组:
It is certainly high time that we ordered dinner.
形容词full也可以加在time的前面,用来加强语气。例如:
Its full time you had a nice day.
It is full time that boy went to herding.
time前面还可以加about,这时句型所表达的意思是“早该……”。例如:
Its about time we started.
Its about time I settled down.
上面两例中的about可以用getting来代替,句意不变;这可以视为句型“It be time +(that)从句”的一种变体。
二、从句中的动词形式
在“(that)从句”中,动词形式通常是一般过去时。这是一种奇特而有趣的语言现象,即用假设的过去时来代替实际的将来时。从英语史的角度来看,从句中的动词形式用过去时原是属虚拟语气;但从语言发展的观点来看,目前这种动词形式视为陈述语气比较合适。
著名语言学家夸克(R. Quirk)教授等人在1985年出版的《英语语法大全》一书中认为,“(that)从句”的动词形式一定要用“假设的过去时”。他们举了一例:Its time I was in bed.其实,动词形式除常用过去时外,也可以用其他时态和语态(用何种形式应视情况而定)。正如著名语言学家周海中教授在1988年发表的《探讨“It be time (that)…”句型》一文中所言:在现代英语里,“(that)从句”中的动词形式一般用过去时,这是基本规则;有时也可以用其他的动词形式,但应视为特殊用法。他在其文中列举了大量实例,用于论证和说明。
1.用were型虚拟语气。例如:
Its high time I were hence. (W. Shakespeare)
Its time I were gone. (A. Tennyson)
由于英语的发展,虚拟语气与陈述语气之间的.区别正在逐渐消失。基于这种情况,虚拟语气的were也正在逐渐地代替陈述语气的was.
2.用be型虚拟语气。例如:
You reckon I be found anywhere with him, time he start belle ring. (W. Faulkner)
It is time that more of the research dollars now devoted to cure be diverted to finding new and more humane ways of curing that will make a cancer patients remaining years happier, more comfortable, and more productive. (Science, 1984, Vol. 5, No.7)
动词形式用be型虚拟语气是古英语的用法。目前,这一用法在英国英语中已“日薄西山”,而在美国英语中却有“东山再起”之势,但主要见于正式文体。
3.借助情态动词should
Its time this heart should be unmoved. (G. Byron)
It may be time that I should meet with some misfortune; but I hope it is not this. (C. Dickens)
上面用法主要见于文学作品,尤其是英国人写的。
4.用过去进行时。例如:
Its time we were leaving. (H. Maclnnes)
Its time we were getting home. (E. ONeil)
上面用法通常是一些表示位置转移的动作动词。
5.用一般现在时。例如:
It is high time that the U. S. realizes it cannot continue to hide its head in the sand, for the sand has started to blow. (Newsweek, Oct. 15, 1979)
“It is time that the burden of Reaganomics is shared by those in the upper-income groups,” 0Neill declared. (Time, Jun. 20, 1983)
上面用法主要见于美国英语,尤其在新闻文体里。这是一种值得关注的语言现象。
6.用完成时。例如:
Its time that reduction in force has finally hit the federal government also. (U. S. News and World Report, Mar. 15, 1982)
Fooleries! Pshaw! Its time youd done with fooleries. (G. Eliot)
上面用法也是一种值得关注的语言现象。
三、句型中的省略现象
在口语中,可以把句型“It be time +(that)从句”中的"It be"省略。例如:
High time we left. (J. Linsay)
Time we were going. (M. Hammonds)
在一定的上下语境中,也可以把句型中的“(that)从句”省略。例如:
This program goes in that direction, and I believe its time. (T. Wicker)
在特定的语境里,甚至还可以把句型中的"It be"和“(that)从句”都省掉,意义仍然是显豁的;不过,这时time前面要用high来修饰,其后面常跟副词too,该词只是用来加强语气,并无具体意义。例如:
Hes gone back to work.—— High time, too! (Longman Dictionary of English Idioms)
顺带一提,句型“It be the +序数词+ time +(that)从句”与句型“It be time +(that)从句”在结构上有点相似,但它们在句意上是完全不同的。前者也是主从复合句,当其主句的be用一般现在时,从句的动词形式通常为现在完成时,it可以用this来代替;当其主句的be用一般过去时,从句的动词形式通常为过去完成时,it可以用that 来代替。例如:
It/This is the first time (that) I have seen him.
It/That was the third time (that) I had been there.
英语语法知识点 15
1、动词be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。
2、this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:
This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:
This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…,不说That is…。如:
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。
(5)This is不能缩写,而That is可以缩写。如:
This is a bike. That’s a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:
—Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐吗?
—Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的,我是,你是谁?
注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:
①—Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?—Yes, it is.是的,它是。
②—What’s that?那是什么?—It’s a kite.是只风筝。
3、these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的`床。
②These pictures are good.那些画很好。
③ Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:
④Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?
Yes, they are.是的,他们是。
4、名词+’s所有格
单数名词后直接加“ ’s ”:
Jim’s coat吉姆的外套Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈
’以s结尾的复数名词,只加“”
Teachers’ Day教师节the twins’ books双胞胎的书
不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ ’s ”
Children’s Day儿童节men’s shoes男式鞋
表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s
Lucy and Lily’s mother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)
表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)
5、There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:
There is a book on the desk.There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。
On the desk there is a book.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:
Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:
①There is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:
①There is a book and some pens on the floor.
②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
6、like一词的用法
like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。
(1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:
I like the baby very much.我非常喜欢这个小孩。
(2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:
Tom likes playing football.汤姆喜欢踢足球。
(3)后接动词不定式(to do),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:
I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。
7、句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素
(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。
She is a girl. →They are girls.如:
I’m a student. →We are students.
(2)am,is要变为are。如:
He is a boy. →They are boys.
(3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:
It is an apple. →They are apples.
(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:
This is a box. →These are boxes.
8、英语日期的表示法
英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。
用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。
9、时间的表达法
(1)直读式,即直接读出时间数字
7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
(2)过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)
1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
(3)12小时制
6:00 a.m.上午6点8:20 p.m.下午8点20分
(4)24小时制
13:00 13点钟22:15 22点15分
(5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six
(6)时间前通常用at.
at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
10、want用法
(1)想干什么用want to do sth
They want to join the sports club.他们想加入运动俱乐部。
(2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化
①He wants to play basketball.
②Li Xia wants to play the piano.
(3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.
①-Do you want to play soccer ball ?-Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.
②-Does he want to go home by bus ?-Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t
英语语法知识点 16
初一英语易错知识点归类例析
英语有很多很细小的知识点,而这些细小的知识点往往就是考点。同学们很容易由于注意不到而犯错误,下面就初一年级同学们比较容易犯错误的知识点做一个汇总。
[第一类]名词类
1、这些女老师们在干什么?
[误] What are the woman teachers doing?
[正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析]在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man,woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men,women.
2、房间里有多少人?
[误] How many peoples are there in the room?
[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。
3、我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析]表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of +不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。
[第二类]动词类
4、你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?
[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析]借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。
5、琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。
[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening,but this evening she watching TV. [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening,but this evening she is watching TV.
[析]在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often,usually,sometimes等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ ving形式构成。
6、这双鞋是红色的。
[误] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析]在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。
[第三类]代词类
7、这张票是她的,不是我的。
[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析]物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。
8、吴老师教我们英语。
[误] Miss Wu teaches our English. [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。
[第四类]介词类
9、你能找到这个问题的答案吗?
[误] Can you find the answer of this question?
[正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析]英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door,the way to the zoo等。
10、格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析]表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的.某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.
11、那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。
[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析]用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。
[第五类]副词类
12、莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?
[误] Lily,why don’t you go to home?[正] Lily,why don’t you go home?
[析] come,go等后接here,there,home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。
[第六类]连词类
13、我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。
[误] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.and history.
[正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.or history.
[析]在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or。
[第七类]冠词类
14、乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。
[误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.
[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.
[析]
1、表示“……一家人”用结构“the +姓氏复数”;
2、our一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用an hour;
3、用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。
[第八类]句法类
15、――你不是学生吗?――不,我是学生。
[误] ――Aren’t you a student?――No,I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student?――Yes,I am.
[析]对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。
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