2006年考研英语阅读新增题型通关秘籍
2006年考研英语阅读新增题型通关秘籍
第一部分 阅读理解B节备选题型1
第一节 考纲要求分析与考试重点概述
根据《2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）说明》，阅读理解B节部分，主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本题型的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择出5个答案，分别放进文章中5个空白处。
此题型所考文章不仅从长度上长于阅读理解A节中的文章（每篇约400~450词），阅读量大，而且在文字难度和做题要求上也都高于A节。A节中的文章是完整的，在通读文章或查读细节时，思路不会被打断。而此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供6~7个选项（根据大纲），因此有1~2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。
该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试，因此在要求上远远高于这两种题型，考生有必要对这类题型的答题思路多练习，以提高自己在这个部分的应试能力。
第二节 考纲样题分析与详解
我们先以2006年大纲所附样题为例，概括地分析一下此类题型的命题特点及解题思路。然后我们再对解题思路进行全面的归纳和总结。
大纲样题
Part B
Sample One
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41~ 45, choose the most suitable one from the list ［A］~［G］ to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now.
(41) .Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.
(42) . Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.
(43) . There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
(44) . Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.
(45) .About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.
［A］The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.
［B］ Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them, we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.
［C］The first animals with true backbones were fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.
［D］The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.
［E］The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.
［F］When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.
［G］Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.
解题思路：
本文文章部分共332字，备选答案部分字数为317字，总数达649字。阅读如此长的文章并做对题，要求考生具有较强的阅读理解能力，掌握正确的阅读方法。
首先，通篇略读原文，把握要点词句（文中黑斜体部分为要点词句，以下同），以便对文章主旨、各段基本主题以及逻辑结构获得一个概括性了解。
第一段指出：在人类出现很早以前，地球上就出现了鱼类、爬行动物、鸟类和一些哺乳动物（这是对全文的一个概述，点出本文的话题）。虽然这些动物有一些是现今生活着的各种动物的祖先，但是另一些动物现在已经灭绝了，即它们现在已经没有活着的后代了。第二句是个表示让步关系的句子，重点是主句部分：others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now，而that is表明they have no descendants alive now是同位语结构，因此本段要点词语为others are now extinct。这为回答第41题从意思和逻辑上都提供了主要依据。
第二段首句指出：偶尔根据石头里所显示出来的印记，我们可以合理地推断出几百万年前灭绝了的某种动物的准确形状，尽管不能确定其颜色。此句前后是因果关系，提到了rocks，结果是so that…we can build up…picture。后面又接着讲rocks in which the remains are found。由此可知，这些是本段的要点词语。
第三段中已知信息是：我们所知道的所有化石几乎都是由于水的作用而被保存在了石头中，而且大多都是生活在水里或水边的动物。因此，肯定存在过许多我们一无所知的哺乳动物、鸟类和昆虫类。空白后第一句是个并列句，主语分别是Nearly all of the fossils和 most of these (the fossils)，而且都与water action有关。这为回答第42题提供了主要线索。
第四段中提供的信息是：还有像螃蟹一样的动物，其身体表面是一层角状物。接下来此段详细介绍了这类动物的外貌特征。此处要点词语是also和crab-like creatures，说明上一句也在描述某种海生物。这为回答第43题提供了主要线索。
第五段空白后第一句中有指代词of these，these必定指代前文提到的复数名词。紧接着提到的ammonites是“这些贝壳类动物”的一种。后面有对它的描述：ammonites非常有趣而又很重要。它们身体上有个由许多腔室构成的硬壳（shell），每个腔室都代表着这个动物的临时住所。这样，上一句提到的自然应该与贝壳类动物有关，为回答第44题提供了线索。
第45题为一段。下一段提到，大约7 500万年前，爬行动物时代结束了，其中大部分物种都灭绝了。而哺乳动物迅速发展起来，我们可以追寻出许多踪迹，借此了解许多大家熟悉的动物如大象和马的进化过程。后来的许多哺乳动物，虽然现在已经灭绝了，还是被原始人类所了解，并被画在了壁画中或被雕刻在