托福听力反应慢该怎么办
在做托福听力的时候，我们总是慢半拍，也就是当对方说完一句话之后，我们发现自己是懂的，但问题是，我们总是慢半拍才懂，这半拍看起来没什么，但是在真正与人交流的时候，就会发现人家会觉得你怪怪的。这就好像是你跟一个人求婚的时候，如果对方立即就同意的话，你就会很高兴。但是，如果对方思考2分钟再答应，你就会丢失所有的热情，效果就是这样的。当然，你做托福听力的时候，走神跟这个是同样的问题。
这个问题归结的点就是在于你的听力反映速度。
这些问题都是我们今生以来首次遇到的，当然其实我们出生的时候也遇到过一次，只是那个时候我们没意识而已。
那么我们如何练习托福听力呢?直接听更快的托福听力材料么?这个解决方法是对的，但是也不是这么简单的。
本身就托福考试来说，我们最重要解决这个问题，是要双管齐下的，第一是要听更快的材料，适应更快的语速;另外一点，我们也要熟悉说话的内容，当然，这应该是听更快的资料之后，顺带的。
这里很多同学出现的第一个问题，就是总是选用托福听力难度过低的材料，要么是选用delta，要么是选用老托福的材料，在这里可以斩钉截铁的说，这些材料已经完全不适应新托福考试的节奏，相比于新托福考试这只飞快的兔子来说，他们就都是缓慢的乌龟，乌龟战胜兔子，只是存在于童话之中，在现实之中，乌龟就只有一种结果，就是被兔子秒杀，这就是为什么很多同学做了很久的老托福听写，但是在真正的新托福考试里，总是束手无策的原因。
托福听力练习：桦树在夜晚进入睡眠
This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.
Many people remember the colors of the rainbow by the acronym ROY G. BIV.
For red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Well, the color indigo
just made news.
Indigo gets its name from the plant Indigofera tinctoria and its relatives,
which supply the dye that makes fabric the rich, beautiful color between blue
and violet.
Indigo dye was used around the ancient world in fabrics created from Egypt
to China to Meso and South America. And it's in South America that researchers
recently found the oldest known example of fabrics dyed with indigo.
The artifacts were discovered at Huaca Prieta, a ceremonial mound on the
coast in northern Peru. But their color was initially hidden by the grey tones
that had leached into them from the materials used in the mound itself. But when
a conservator carefully washed the fabric, the true colors reappeared.
"And it was at that point that I realized we probably had indigo and it was
probably the world's oldest indigo."
Jeffrey Splitstoser, an anthropologist at George Washington University.
"Which was really exciting. I hadn't thought I'd be discovering, or we
would be discovering, the world's oldest indigo, when I took on this
project."
The research is in the journal Science Advances.
The dyed fabric is about 6,000 years old.
"In the Middle East there are inscriptions that discuss blue fabrics that
date to about 3100 B.C. These are just texts though. And so we think they're
referring probably to the earliest Old World indigo-blue dyed textiles. So that
would date to about 5,000 years ago, 3100 B.C. And so these are at least 1,000
years older than that. And the earliest known indigo blue textiles were from
Egypt and they date to around 4400 B.P., before present. So these are almost
2,000 years older than those."
Splitstoser says that the discovery means it's likely that the techniques
to dye fabric blue were developed in the Americas before they were developed in
Egypt.
"It really means that we have to look at the ancient Andes as one of the
earliest sources of textile innovations in the world."
许多人记得彩虹的颜色按照首字母排列为ROYGBIV。这些首字母分别代表红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫。而靛色最近有了新的消息。
靛蓝色得名于木蓝以及其相关植物，这些植物可以提供染料，让布料变成介于蓝色和紫色之间的一种富贵、美丽的颜色。
靛蓝染料在古代用于对布料进行染色，而这些布料一般产自埃及、中国、中美洲以及南美洲等地方。最近，研究人员就在南美洲发现了目前已知最古老的靛蓝染色布料。
人们在普雷塔遗址发现了这些手工艺品，普雷塔遗址位于秘鲁北部海岸，是一个曾用于举行仪式的土丘。但是这些手工艺品的颜色最初被灰色基调所掩盖，而灰色来自于土堆本身材料的渗透。但是，当一位文物修复员仔细清理这些布料后，其真正的颜色重新显现出来。
“就在那时我意识到，我们发现的可能是是靛蓝色，而且这可能是世界上最古老的靛蓝色。”
杰弗里·斯皮里特瑟是乔治华盛顿大学的人类学家。
“这太让人兴奋了。我在做这个项目的时候，从来没想过我或者说我们会发现世界上最古老的靛蓝色。”
这项研究发表在《科学进展》期刊上。
这块染色布料大约有6000年的历史。
约公元前3100年，在中东有讨论蓝色布料的铭文。虽然这些只是文字材料。不过，我们认为它们指的可能是最古老的靛蓝色纺织品。因此，靛蓝色染料的历史可追溯到5000年前，即大约公元前3100年。而这些新发现的染色布料至少要早1000年。此前已知最古老的靛蓝色纺织品来自于古埃及，距今大约4400年。所以，新发现的染色布料比那些要早约20xx年。
斯皮里特瑟表示，这一发现表明，美洲发明将布料染成蓝色的技术很可能早于埃及。
“这实际上意味着，我们必须将古安第斯地区视为世界上织物创新最早的起源地之一。”
重点讲解：
1. take on 承担，接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任);
例句：He is ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
他乐于承担重担。
2. refer to 提到，指的是;
例句：It can refer to an academic subject or a practical skill.
这一词既可指某一学科也可指某种技能。
3. at least (数量)至少，不少于;
例句：Cacao has been cultivated for at least three millennia in Mexico,
Central and South America.
在墨西哥及中南美洲，可可树至少已有了三百万年的种植历史。
20xx托福听力练习：全球荒野面积减少
Only about 23 percent of the world's land area is still what you'd call
wilderness—where indigenous people, wildlife, plants and microbes get a chance
to live with little or no disturbance from large human populations. But even
that current figure of 23 percent is down by a tenth in just the last couple of
decades. Which translates into an area the size of Alaska being converted away
from wilderness since the 1990s. That's according to a study in the journal
Current Biology that was also announced at the just completed Honolulu meeting
of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
The research found that the regions that suffered the biggest wilderness
losses were South America and Central Africa. South America lost almost a third
of its wilderness while Africa's is down about 14 percent.
James Watson is the lead author of the study. He's with the Wildlife
Conservation Society and the University of Queensland—he's no relation to the
more famous DNA double helix James Watson.
In the journal article he and his colleagues write: "The continued loss of
wilderness areas is a globally significant problem with largely irreversible
outcomes for both humans and nature: if these trends continue, there could be no
globally significant wilderness areas left in less than a century. Proactively
protecting the world's last wilderness areas is a cost-effective conservation
investment and our best prospect for ensuring that intact ecosystems and
large-scale ecological and evolutionary processes persist for the benefit of
future generations." And future generations includes both the organisms in the
remaining wilderness—and us.
世界上只有23%的`土地仍可被称为荒野，在那里，土著、野生动物、植物和微生物有机会生活在一个很少或没有人干扰的地方。但即使是目前这23%的占比在过去二十年里也减少了十分之一。上世纪90年代以来，相当于阿拉斯加大小的荒野面积损失。这是一篇发表在《当代生物学》期刊上的研究报告得出的结论，该研究成果在刚刚结束的国际自然保护联盟火奴鲁鲁会议上宣布。
研究发现，荒野损失最严重的地区是南美洲和中非。南美洲损失了近30%的荒野，而非洲则减少了14%的荒野。
詹姆斯·沃森是这项研究的主要作者。他在野生动物保护协会和昆士兰大学工作，大家可能知道DNA双螺旋的发现者詹姆斯·沃森，不过我们这里提到的并不是同一个人。
他和他的同事在期刊文献中写道：“荒野地区的持续损失是全球性的重要问题，对人类和自然造成的影响在很大程度上是不可逆转的：如果这种趋势继续下去，不出一个世纪的时间，具有全球性重要意义的荒野地区可能将不复存在。积极保护世界上最后的荒野地区是具有成本效益的重大投资，也是我们确保完整生态系统的最好前景，同时让大规模的生态进化过程为后代造福。”这里的后代既包括现存荒野中的生物，也包括我们人类。
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