英语博士谈雅思(英文)
Social and cultural impacts of tourism in Cyprus
In Cyprus, hospitality forms an integral part of the culture, and the people have a welcoming attitude towards foreigners. Furthermore, the society's culture emphasizes ideologies and value systems which attach great importance to individual achievement. As the tourist policy followed by the Cyprus Government and the tourists come mainly from Europe, tourism has not had as marked an adverse effect on the values and attitudes of Cypriot society as may otherwise have been the case. In certain areas, such as Ayia Napa, however, the influx of large numbers of tourists has influenced social behavior and social values, and caused a certain amount of antagonism. Bryden suggests that:
There may be a relationship between tourism density, expressed in the annual numbers of tourists as a proportion of the population...and the growth of resentment towards tourists. The inference here is that tourism density is an indicator of the degree of confrontation between tourists and indigenes and that this confrontation gives rise to the resentment of tourists.?
Table 1 Contact ratio values, 1985
Area
Contact ratio
Annual average
Peak day value
Limassol
19.5
7.3
Larnaca
24.4
13.9
Ayia Napa/Paralimni
17.7
1.5
Paphos
17.7
10.8
Hill resorts
43.0
16.6
Total
18.0
9.5
The concept of 'tourism density' is thus used as a measure of 'social carrying capacity'which Mathieson and Wall define as 'host peoples' levels of tolerance for the presence and behavior of tourists. An alternative measure used by Andronikou is the 'contact ratio', which is the inverse of tourism density that is the ratio of the local population to tourist population. Now, wherea