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妙招击破考研英语阅读词汇
词汇(英语:vocabulary),是一种语言或方言中词和固定语的总汇。下面是小编为大家收集的妙招击破考研英语阅读词汇,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

考研阅读文章词义巧破解
词汇的理解对考研阅读的意义不言而喻。但个别词不认识并不妨碍理解,有时遇到生词还要学会跳过去。除了其他破解词义的方法外,根据上下文的线索寻找等价或反义结构是一个很有效的方法。所谓等价结构,就是意义相同的结构。而反义结构就是意义相反的结构。对文章中的一个部分不理解时,可以根据这一部分的上下文判断意义。上下文有时和不理解的部分构成同义关系,不理解部分的意义就是上下文的意义。反之,上下文有时和不理解部分构成反义关系,那么,不理解部分的意义就是上下文意义的反面。等价结构包含多种,本文主要介绍并列结构。一般而言,并列结构常表示并列的两部分意义相同。本文讨论的反义结构主要是包含连词如but, while等的结构,它们常表示两部分意义相反。下面以2005年考研阅读的文章为例说明如何根据等价结构或反义结构把握句子意义。
一、等价结构
Text 1(2005)
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
[分析] 等价结构一:fat 呼应bigger
等价结构二:outraged=grievance(两句之间是递进结构)。
等价结构三:“all too human”=other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance(逗号之后为解释)
And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
[分析] 等价结构:resentment=Indeed之前句子所表达的意思,因为Indeed表示递进。
Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
[分析] 等价结构:preserve= alone(由not…alone结构可知)。
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
[分析] 等价结构:stems from=evolved(or连接并列结构)。
Text 3(2005)
And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.
[分析] 等价结构:harnessed=brought under conscious control(not only…but连接递进结构)。
Text 4(2005)
Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
[分析] 等价结构:no more regrettable=natural (and连接并列结构)
Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.
[分析] 等价结构:genre=form(表语结构提示意义相同;实际上,genre与form之间是种属关系,genre是一种form)
he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful
[分析] 等价结构:grieving=loss of something beautiful(对美丽事物的消失,一般应该感到惋惜,由此可知grieving的意思就是“惋惜”)。
二、反义结构
Text 1(2005)
when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers
[分析] 反义结构:separate 与adjoining意思相反(二者由but连接)
Text 4(2005)
While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s
[分析] 反义结构:elevated 与modestly意思相反(句首的while even提示相反意义)。
In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
[分析] 反义结构:spontaneity 与craft意思相反(over连接两个相对或相反的方面)。
攻克考研英语阅读词汇的方法
单词
1、黑词--两眼一抹黑的单词
例如jargon,tedious,rear,plausible, deteriorate, isotope等。它们是阅读理解中的一大障碍,是考生们必须攻克的难关。考生们可以在词汇书上标注出此类词语,继而进行专门记忆,达到消灭黑词的效果。
2、白词--完全明白的单词
考研词汇中,有大量考生们熟知的白词,例如:space,culture,able,benefit,topic,此类单词可一带而过。
3、灰词--一知半解的单词
除去黑词和白词,剩下的我们统一归类为灰词。
灰词分为两种,一种是似会不会的灰词,如:tutor,treaty, saddle,sample, fuss等;一种是觉得会但其实并不全会的灰词,如:spring、account、affect等。spring除了常知的春天的意思之外,还有泉水、弹簧的含义;account除了帐户,还作原因;理由;解释;说明;报告;占……解。affect除了爱,深情之外,还有做作……之义。背诵单词时,一定要多看词汇书中所给的例句,牢记其意义。
长难句
除单词外,长难句也是考验阅读的拦路虎。攻克长难句犹如撒网捕鱼,收网时应收紧网绳(纲),不要去乱抓网眼(目),做到纲举目张,即先找句子的骨架(主+谓+宾),再解决修饰成份(定、状等)。
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.
分析:
第一,句子的结构分析:
(1)主干结构是主语(Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor)+将来时谓语(will introduce)+宾语(a draft bill);
(2)that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中,will propose 是第一个谓语,making payments to witnesses illegal是一个动名词短语做宾语,在动名词短语内部,payments to witnesses做making的宾语,illegal是宾补;第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。that can be given to a case before a trial begins是孕含有一个时间状语从句(before a trial begins)的定语从句,修饰publicity。
第二、划出定语从句和状语从句:
that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.
第三、划出介词短语:
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press.
大家切记,英语的句子中,主+谓+宾基本与中文一致,是按顺序摆放的,而定、状语经常倒着放,又长又多,比主、谓、宾要难很多。定、状语放好了,句子才能看明白,想看懂阅读理解中的长难句,语法基本功一定要扎实。
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