高考英语虚拟语气语法手记(2)

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高考英语虚拟语气语法手记(2)

　　四. 注意事项

高考英语虚拟语气语法手记(2)

　　1. 错综时间虚拟条件句中

　　如果if条件句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，从句和主句的谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整，这种情况被称作“错综时间虚拟语气”或“混合虚拟语气”。

　　If America had not made wars on Iraq, the Iraqi people would be living a peaceful life now。

　　If I were you, I would have visited the museum yesterday.

　　If we didn’t have an exam tomorrow, my friends and I could be playing football now。

　　2. 有时，只在条件句或主句中使用虚拟语气，而另一分句用陈述语气。

　　If you should change your mind, do let me know。

　　Should anyone call (= If anyone calls)， please tell them that I’m busy。

　　Can you read that form carefully, if you wouldn’t mind, and then sign it?

　　I would appreciate it if you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment.

　　—What would you do if it rains tomorrow?

　　—We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready。

　　3. 在一些日常会话中，一些简单句通常暗含虚拟的意味。句中的谓语动词用would/could/ should be等形式或should/would/could/might have been等形式。

　　It couldn’t be better. 那太好了。

　　That would be very nice. 太好了。

　　I couldn’t agree with you more. 我非常同意你的意见。

　　I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 我做梦也没有想到啊!

　　How careless I was! I could have done better in the exam. 我太粗心了，我本来可以考得很好的。

　　Tom hasn’t arrived yet. I should have written down the address for him. 我本应该把地址写下来的。

　　—How was you interview?

　　—It couldn’t have been better. Luckily, I found all the answers to questions。

　　—Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?

　　4. 若insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，表明”，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。

　　The smile on the boy’s face suggested that he was happy to die for his country。

　　The man insisted that he had not stolen anything and (should) be set free immediately。

　　5. 如果as if/though从句描述的是真实的情况，谓语动词则用陈述语气，而不用虚拟语气。

　　It looks as if it is going to rain。

　　It sounds as though she has been really ill。

　　6. 在“had better/would rather, would like/love to, was/were to+ have done sth ”表示过去希望做某事，但事实上未做。例如：

　　— Do you mind if I open the window?

　　—I’d rather you didn’t. I feel a bit cold。

　　7. had thought/hoped/meant/intended/expected/wanted/planned that + 从句表示主语过去未曾实现的愿望。

　　We were to have arrived at 9:00 this morning, but I missed the first bus.

　　I had hoped that I would be of some help to you, but you didn’t ask me。

　　—Lucy is crying in the corner now. Did you scold her for her carelessness in her homework?

　　—Yes, but I’d rather not have done it. 我要是不批评她就好了。

　　五. 精典名题导解

　　1. (2008山东)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you。

　　A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed

　　考点解析：句中的介词短语without you表示一个假设的条件，而时间状语last week表明句子陈述的内容与过去的事实相反，因此最佳答案为B。

　　2. (2008江西)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better。

　　A. need have done B. must have done

　　C. can have done D. might have done

　　考点解析：“What a pity!”暗示他的表现令人遗憾。鉴于他的能力和经验，他本来可能发挥得更好，因此用might have done，最佳答案为D。

　　3. (2009年郑州市第二次质量检测) —I wish I ________ the meeting。

　　—But you didn’t。

　　考点解析：答语But you didn’t暗示对方没有参加会议。因此说话人说“我真希望我参加了那个会议。”在wish后带的宾语从句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的愿望应用过去完成时，因此最佳答案为D。

　　4. (河南省普通高中2009年毕业班教学质量调研考试) —Why didn’t you come to Mike's birthday party yesterday?

　　—Well, I________, but I forgot it。

　　A.should have B.must C.should D.must have

　　考点解析：答语意为“我本来应该去的，但是我忘记了”。should have done 表示“本来应该做某事，而未做”。作为简略，done 被省略，只保留should have，最佳答案为A。

　　5. (2009年河北保定市高三调研试题)I ____ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn’t get way。

　　A. was planning B. had planned C. planned D. would plan

　　考点解析：句意为：我原计划去散步，但是有人来访，我无法走开。had planned to do sth表示过去未能实现的打算。最佳答案为B。

　　6. (2009年河北保定市高三调研试题)I would like _______ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you。

　　A. to invite B. inviting C. to have invited D. having invited

　　考点解析：句意为：我本来想让你参加我的生日宴会，可是因为忙，我忘记了“。would like to have done sth。表示“本来想做某事(而未做)”。最佳答案为C。

　　7. (江西省重点中学2009届高三第一次联考)—Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month?

　　—No, we _____ visited it, but we spent too much time shopping。

　　A. could have B. must have C. can have D. ought to have

　　考点解析：句意为： “我们本来有时间参观(文化古迹)的，可是我们在购物上花费了太多的时间”。 could have done表示“过去本来可以做某事(而未做) ”。最佳答案为A.

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