初中英语被动语态知识点总结

时间：2025-05-24 08:16:08 晶敏学人智库我要投稿

相关推荐

初中英语被动语态知识点总结

　　表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态，今天小编为大家整理的是初中英语被动语态的相关内容，希望大家喜欢，欢迎阅读参考。

初中英语被动语态知识点总结

　　一、语态概述

　　英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

　　主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

　　例如：Many people speak Chinese.

　　谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

　　二、被动语态的构成

　　被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

　　一般现在时：am/is/are+spoken

　　一般过去时：was/were+spoken

　　一般将来时：will/shall be+spoken

　　现在进行时：am/is/are being+spoken

　　过去进行时：was/were being+spoken

　　现在完成时：have/has been+spoken

　　过去完成时：had been + spoken

　　三、被动语态的用法

　　(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

　　例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.　一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

　　This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

　　(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

　　例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

　　This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

　　Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

　　四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

　　(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

　　(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

　　(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

　　All the people laughed at him.

　　He was laughed at by all people.

　　They make the bikes in the factory.

　　The bikes are made by them in the factory.

　　He cut down a tree.

　　A tree was cut down by him.

　　五、含有情态动词的被动语态

　　含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

　　We can repair this watch in two days.

　　This watch can be repaired in two days.

　　They should do it at once.

　　It should be done at once.

　　六、特殊情况

　　1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

　　The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

　　2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

　　I am never let to watch TV by mother.

　　3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

　　(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

　　(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

　　延伸阅读：被动语态习题

　　1 The Peoples Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.

　　A. found

　　B. was founded

　　C. is founded

　　D. was found

　　2 English ____ in Canada.

　　A. speaks

　　B. are spoken

　　C. is speaking

　　D. is spoken

　　3 This English song___ by the girls after class.

　　A. often sings

　　B. often sang

　　C. is often sang

　　D. is often sung

　　4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.

　　A, makes

　　B. made

　　C. is making

　　D. is made

　　5 New computers ___ all over the world.

　　A. is used

　　B. are using

　　C. are used

　　D. have used

　　6.Our room must ___ clean.

　　A. keep

　　B. be kept

　　C. to be kept

　　D. to keep

　　7.——Id like to buy that coat.

　　——Im sorry___.

　　A. it sold

　　B. its selling

　　C. Its been sold

　　D. it had been sold

　　8.A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

　　A. is building

　　B. is being built

　　C. been built

　　D. be building

　　9.The key ___ on the table when I left.

　　A. was left

　　B. will be left

　　C. is left

　　D. has been left

　　10.Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

　　A. need

　　B. are needing

　　C. are needed

　　D. will need

　　key:1-5 B D D D C 　　6-10 B C B A C

　　1．动词+介词

　　He will be operated on by the best surgeon．他将由最好的外科医生给他动手术。

　　This matter has been carefully looked into．此事已得到仔细调查。

　　He is often laughed at by his classmates．他经常被同学嘲笑。

　　2．动词+ 副词

　　These problems have been seriously thought over．这些问题已得到认真考虑。

　　The lights are turned off at 11 pm every day．每天晚上11点钟关灯。

　　The fire was soon put out．那场大火很快被扑灭。

　　3．动词+副词+介词

　　These privileges should be done away with．此类特权应该被取消。

　　Women were looked down upon in the past．妇女过去受到歧视。

　　The lost time must be made up for.失去的时间必须补回来。

　　4．动词+名词+介词

　　The children have been taken good care of．这些孩子得到了很好的照料。

　　What they did have been paid great attention to．他们所做的一切已得到极大的关注。

　　Time is precious and should be made full use of.时间宝贵，应该充分利用。

　　语态(voice)

　　作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：

　　(1) john helped peter.

　　(2) peter was helped by john.

　　句(1) helped是主动态；句(2)was helped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。

　　构成

　　被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are + 过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were + 过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有：

　　一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词

　　e.g. football is played all over the world.

　　i’m often asked to do this work.

　　我常常被派做这项工作。

　　一般过去时：was/were +过去分词

　　e.g. the terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near xi’an.

　　they were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.

　　when was thebuilding completed?

　　这座大楼什么时候建成的？

　　一般将来时：will (shall) + be +过去分词

　　be going to + be + 过去分词

　　e.g. the result of the exam will be known soon.

　　they are going to be given a difficult test.

　　一般过去将来时：should(would) be+过去分词

　　e.g. the teacher said the results would be published soon.

　　he told me that the film would be shown the next week.

　　现在进行时：am/is/are + being +过去分词

　　e.g. the new airport is being built by aforeign company.

　　一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。

　　the song is being sung by the girls now.

　　过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词

　　e.g. the song was being sung by the girls when i got there.

　　the student was being criticized when i went into the

　　teacher’s office.

　　将来完成时：will have been+过去分词

　　e.g. by theendof next term XX english words will

　　have been learned.

　　the building will have been built by next year.

　　现在完成时：has/have + bee n +过去分词

　　e.g. all the tickets have been sold .

　　the book has been translated into many languages.

　　这本书已被译成多种语言。

　　过去完成时：had been+过去分词

　　e.g. forty schools had beenvisited by last year.

　　all the tickets had been sold out when i got to the cinema.

　　过去将来完成时：would have been+过去分词

　　e.g. he said many words would have been learned by XX.

　　they promised that ten books would have been published

　　by the next month.

　　情态动词：情态动词 + be + 过去分词

　　e.g. this road must be mended.

　　the machine parts may be needed in our work.

　　工作中可能需要这些机器零部件。

　　动词不定式：to be + 过去分词

　　e.g. i’m glad to be asked questions.

　　it is impossible for lost time to be made up.

　　失去的时间不可弥补。

　　主要用法

　　被动态常用于下列几种场合：

　　1．当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时（这时都不带由by引起的短语）；

　　printing was introduced into europefromchina.

　　印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。

　　the airplane was made in u.s.

　　such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。

　　2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带有由by引起的短语）；

　　the songwas composed by a student.

　　这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。

　　thousands of rivers are polluted in the country.

　　3. 出于礼貌措词等原因而不愿说出动作执行者是谁。

　　you are requested to get here in time.

　　请您准时来这儿。

　　带行为主体的被动态

　　行为主体就是动作的执行者，即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物。在被动句中，往往不提及行为主体；但当强调动作的执行者时，可用介词by引出行为( by +主体行为主体),置于被动态句的末尾，说明是什么人或物应对有关事件负责。

　　e.g. the village was destroyed by a bomb.

　　这个村庄毁于炸弹。

　　the painting is very valuable. it was painted by van gogh.

　　这幅画很值钱，它是梵高画的。

　　其它用法补充

　　1.“it + 被动语态+ that 从句”。表示谨慎或不太肯定的语气。常用于该结构的动词有：say, think, believe, agree, expect, consider, feel, know, decide, report, suggest, prove 等。

　　e.g. it is said that prices will rise again this month.

　　据说本月物价还将上涨。

　　it is thought that about a million dogs are born each year.

　　据认为每年约有一百条狗出生。

　　it is reported that all the passengers died in the crash.

　　据报导所有乘客在那次飞机坠毁中遇难。

　　it is agreed that we will have two weeks holiday this year.

　　2. 用于通告标题广告等的被动态往往省去助动词be。

　　e.g. no chinese spoken here.

　　shoes repaired.

　　famous painting stolen. 名画被盗。

【初中英语被动语态知识点总结】相关文章：

初中英语被动语态讲解07-09

中考英语被动语态知识点复习10-14

最新初中英语知识点总结11-04

初中英语there be句型知识点09-06