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职称英语理工类b级考试真题(3)
第三篇 Longer Lives for Wild Elephants
Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators (猛兽) don't exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe (成熟的) old age1.
But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become infertile, or unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity (圈养) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for me researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps(伐木场),over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years-more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years.
Scientists don't yet know why wild elephants seem to fare so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity (肥胖症) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce (生殖) successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesn't appear to be the case with elephants. 41 Unlike other animals in zoos, zoo-raised elephants
A live a long life
B give birth to many babies
C develop poor health
D have difficulty getting food
42 Which of the following about the international scientists' study is NOT true?
A They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants.
B They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos.
C The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos.
D They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.
43 It was found that, compared with female wild elephants, female zoo-born elephants
A lived longer.
B grew up faster.
C died much earlier.
D enjoyed the same life spans.
44 One of the possible reasons for the Zoo-raised elephants' problems is that
A they do not get enough exercise.
B they do too much exercise.
C they live in large herds.
D they do not live in family groups.
45 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.
B Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.
C It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo.
D Elephants are no longer an endangered species.
本题分数(15)
41 C 第二段第二句话 "Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health"，说明"生活在动物园的大象经常会有不良的健康状态"。答案为C。
42 D 第三段第二句话"Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death"，说明是动物园记录了有关大象生活的各个方面，而不是科学家做的，所以选项 D 不符合文章本意。其余选项的内容在文中都有体现。
43 C 第四段中作者向读者讲述了野生雌大象存活的时间是生活在动物园的雌大象存活时间的三倍，所以答案为 C。
44 D 第五段最后一句话"Social lives of elephants are a1so much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups"，说明"生活在动物园里的雌大象与野生雌大象不同之处是后者是群居并以家族的方式生活"。答案为D。
45 C 文章最后一段主要讲述大象不适宜动物园的生活，尤其是最后一句话 "that doesn't appear to be the case with elephant"，说明"那不适宜大象的情况"。答案为 C。
第5 部分：补全短文(第46-50 题，每题2 分，共10 分)
下面的短文有5 处空白，短文后有6 个句子，其中5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Flying into History
Whenyou turn on the television or read a magazine, celebrites (名人)are everywhere. Although fame and the media play such major roles in our lives today, it has not always been that way. _______(46) Manyhistorians agree that Charles Lindberghwas one of the first major
celebrities, or superstars.
Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, in1902, but he grew up in Little Falls, Minnescta. As a child, he was very interested in how things worked, so when he reached college, he pursued a of flying captured Lindbergh’s degree in engineering. At the age of 20, however, the allure(诱惑) imagination. _______(47) Soon after, Lindbergh bought his own plane and traveled across the nation performing aerial stunts(空中特技).
In 1924, Lindbergh became more serious about flying. He joined the United States military and graduated first in his pilot class. _______(48) During the same time, a wealthy hotel owner named Raymond Orteig was offering a generous award to the first pilot who could fly nonstop from New York City to Paris, France. The Orteig Prize
was worth $25,000—a large amount even by today’s standards.
Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long. _______(49) On may 20, 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the next day at an airstrip(简易机场)outside Paris. Named in honor of the sponsor. The Spirit of St. Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books. He became a national hero and a huge celebrity.
When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape(热烈的)parade held to celebrate his accomplishment. _______(50) A very popular dance was even named for Charles Lindbergh—the Lindy Hop.Today, The Spirit of St.Louis is pt at the Smithsonian Institute’s National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
A.He has received a Medal of M, the f United States military decoration.
B.Eighty years ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on A
C.Working with an aviation company from San Diego, and with financial help from the city of
St.Louis, Lindbergh get a customized (定制的)airplane that could make the journey.
D.Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot,flying out of St. Louis, Missouri.
E. He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he learned to be a pilot.
F. His childhood was not full of fond memories.
第5 部分：补金短文
46 A 第一段是文章的引言，说的是当今有了电视和杂志这样的媒体，名人到处可见，但是情况并非一向如此，80 年前收音机和电影才刚开始对美国人产生这样的效应，也就是 才能向美国的公众介绍宣传Lindberg 使他成为名人。
47 D 这个空挡的前一句说的是Lindberg 在大学读工程学位，但是飞行吸引了他的想象;其后的一句则讲他自己买了飞机在各地表演空中特技，所以在中间自然应该填入他辍学并移居到 Nebraska 去学习飞行这句话。
48 F 前一句说Lindberg 参牢，在飞行员班里第一个毕业，这样正好接上Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot，flying out of St. Louis，Missouri. 这句话。
49 B 前面一句讲了 Lindberg 觉得要完成这次飞行自己的技术没有问题，但并非任何一架飞机都能飞这么远。所以下面就接上他找到了San Diego 的一家飞行器公司定做了一架飞机。
50 C 六个选项中只有这个选项是和他回到美国后得到的荣誉有关的。
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually (51) depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived (52) benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto." (53) cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long 54 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to (55) mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools 56 in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6.
Participants were divided into three (57): never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical (58); smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had (59) going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy，sad. or depressed; felt hopeless about the future;felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood (60) had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms (61)teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer 0'Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine."0ur study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are (62) higher risk of depressive symptoms."
The (63) between depression and smoking exists (64) among teens that use cigarettes to feel better." It's (65) to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.
51.A diagnose B increase C examine D treat
52.A financial B material C emotional D political
53.A Whatever B Although C Since D If
54.A road B term C journey D distance
55.A affect B judge C lead D study
56.A located B moved C exposed D mixed
57.A groups B sets C species D versions
58.A beauty B state C world D activity
59.A time B courage C trouble D energy
60.A tellers B improvers C creators D designers
61.A not B than C but D that
62.A at B in C about D without
63.A association B cooperation C difference D agreement
64.A probably B principally C occasionally D scarcely
65.A important B meaningless C illogical D friendly
本题分数(15)
第6 部分：完形填空
51 B 本题考察单词意思。选项 A 为"诊断";选项 B 为"增加";选项 C 为 "检查"; 选项 D 为"对待、治疗"。从题意来看，本句要表达的意思是研究者发现吸烟会加重青少年的抑郁症状。答案为 B。
52 C 四个选项的意思分别为: A为"金融的，财政的";B 为"物质的，材料的";C 为"感情的，情感的";D 为"政治的"。从句意来看，本句表达了"这是为数不多的质疑青少年情感受益于吸烟的观点的研究"。答案选择 C。
53 B 全句的意思是"尽管香烟可能看起来能有自我治疗的作用，或者可以改善情绪,但从长远来看，我们发现那些从青少年就开始吸烟的人的抑郁症状更明显"。本题应该选择让步状语的连接词 although。选项 A 为"无论什么";选项 C 为"自从";选项 D 为"如果"。
54 B 参考上题句意解释。in the long term 意为"从长远来看"。其他选项与 long 搭配，意思不符合题意。答案为 D.
55 A 本句话的意思是"作为研究的一部分，662 名十几岁的高中生完成了有关他们利用香烟来影响其情绪的 20 个问卷调查"。选项 A为"影响";选项 B 为"判断";选项 C 为"引导";选项 D 为"学习、研究"。从句意判断本题答案为 A。
56 A 本句要表达的意思是"一些英、法学生混合的中学被选为研究对象，其中包括城市和乡村的学校，同时这些学校坐落在经济水平高、中、低不同的地区"，所以本题答案为A "坐落于"。选项 B 为"移动、迁移";选项 C 为"展示、暴露";选项 D 为"混合"。
57 A 本句话的意思是"参与者被分成了三个不同的组"。选项 A 为"组、组群";选项 B 为"套";选项 C 为"种类"选项 D 为"版本"。答案为 A。
58 B 从句意"不用香烟来进行自我治疗、改善情绪或者身体状态的吸烟者"来看，本题答案应为B "状态"。选项 A 为"美丽";选项 C 为"世界";选项 D 为"活动"，都不符合文章本意。
59 C 本句是要表述"研究者通过对受试者失眠情况的调查检测他们的抑郁状况"。选项 A为"时间";选项 B为"勇气";选项 C 为"麻烦";选项 D 为"能量"。从句意判断，本题答案为 C.
60 B 本句意为"那些使用香烟作为情绪改善者的吸烟者比那些从不吸烟的青少年要容易有抑郁症状"。选项 A 为"告知者";选项 B为"改善者";选项 C 为"创造者";选项D 为 "设计者"。答案为 B。
61 B 参考上题句意解释。本句中有比较的成分，选项 B 符合题意。
62 A 本句中 at the risk of 为一个词组，意为 "有……风险"。答案为 A。其余各选项不符合词组意思。
63 A 选项 A 为"联合";选项 B 为"合作";选项 C 为"不同"; 选项 D 为"一致"。从句意来看，本句意为"既抑郁又吸烟的人主要是那些用香烟来使自己感觉好点的青少年"。只有 A 符合题意。
64 B 参考上题句意解释。选项 B "主要地"符合题意。选项 A 为"很可能";选项 C 为 "偶然地";选项 D 为"几乎不、刚刚"，都不符合题意。
65 A 从句意来看，本句要表达的意思是"强调那些青少年认为自己的情绪因吸烟而好转。
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