A department store’s inputs include the land upon which the building is located, the labor of the employees, (47) ______ in the form of building, equipment and merchandise, and the management skills of the store managers. On a farm, the operation system is the transformation that occurs when a farmer’s (48) ______ (land, equipment, labor, etc.) are converted into such outputs as corn, wheat or milk. The exact form of the conversion process (49) ______ from industry to industry, but it is an (50) ______phenomenon that exists in every industry. Economists refer to this (51) ______ of resources into goods and services as the production function. For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the inputs. To the consumers, the resulting products (52) ______utility due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.
However, the process is subject to random changes. Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to differ from planned output. Random fluctuations can arise from external disruption (fire, floods or lightning, for example) or from (53) ______ problems inherent in the conversion process. Inherent variability of equipment, material imperfections, and human errors
all affect output quality (54)______. In fact, random variations are the rule rather than the exception in production processes; therefore, (55) _____ variation becomes a major management task.
The function of the feedback is to provide (56) ______ linkages.
Without some feedback of information, management personnel cannot control operations because they don' t know the results of their directions.
A) offer
B) capital
C) medium
D)difficult
E) varies
F) differently
G) proposal
H) transformation I) beautifully
J) economic
K) reducing
L) internal
M) inputs
N) afford
O) information
答案与解析：
47-51:B) capital; M) inputs; E) varies; J) economic; H) transformation
52-56:A) offer ; L) internal ; F)differently ; k) reducing; O) information;
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