职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案
在学习和工作的日常里，许多人都需要跟考试真题打交道，考试真题可以帮助参考者清楚地认识自己的知识掌握程度。那么问题来了，一份好的考试真题是什么样的呢？以下是小编整理的职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案 1
Screen Test
1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a, survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.
2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.
6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.
7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”
练习：
1.Paragraph 2 ________________
2.Paragraph 3 ________________
3.Paragraph 4 ________________
4.Paragraph 5 ________________
A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
B Investigating the Effect of Screening
C Effects Predicted by Two Different Models
D Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation
E Treatment of Cancers
F Factors That Trigger Cancers
5.Early discovery of breast cancer may________________.
6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are________________.
7.Delaying the age at which screening starts may________________.
8.Radiation exposure should be ________________.
A be costly
B harmful
C save a life
D still open to debate
E reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer
F reduced to the minimum
答案与题解：
1.A A说的是:用X射线检查可能对年轻女人不好。下面是第二段讲的意思:但是,用X射线检查年轻女人,就医学上的好处而论,是有争议的,部分原因是辐射有诱发癌症的小小的危险。另外,年轻女人乳房组织紧密,给予的X射线的剂量要多一些。
2.B B说的是:调查用X射线检查的.结果。第三段的第一句话是这么说的:Valencia理工大学的研究人员分析了11个社区诊所用X射线检查16万以上女人的结果。
3.C C说的是:两种不同的模型预测的结果。第四段讲的是,两种不同的数学模型在预测用X射线检査女人诱发癌症的结果是不一样的。C概括了这段话。
4.D D说的是:辐射诱发癌症的危险是很小的。第五段的第一句话是这么说的:The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.研究人员争辩说,与发现后接受治疗的癌症数字相比,由辐射诱发癌症的数字是很小的。
5.C C与题干生成:Early discovery of breast cancer may save a life.乳腺癌发现得早也许能挽救生命。答案可以从第一段中找到。
6.D D 与题干生成:Advantages of screening women under 50 are still open to debate.对50岁以下的女人用X射线检查的好处仍然是有争议的。第二段的第一个句子是这么说的:But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial... 但是,用X射线检查年轻女人,就医学上的好处而论,是有争议的……这两个句子用词有些差别,基本意思是相同的。
7.E E与题干生成:Delaying the age at which screening starts may reduce the risk of– radiation triggering a cancer.延缓用X射线检查的年龄也许能减少辐射诱发癌症的危险。答案在第六段。
8.F F与题干生成:Radiation exposure should be reduced to the minimum.应把接受福射降低到最小的程度。答案在文章的最后一句。
职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案 2
albert einstein,whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe,was chosen as "person of the century" by time magazine on sunday.
a man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius,einstein has come to represent_(1)_the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.
"the world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history.the reason is not political or economic,but technological-technologies_(2)_," wrote theoretical physicist stephen hawking in a time essay explaining einsteins significance."clearly,no scientist better represents those advances than albert einstein."
time chose as runner-up president franklin roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism,and mahatma gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.
"what we saw franklin roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedoms fight against totalitarianism,gandhi personifying the great theme of inpiduals struggling for their rights,and einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances_(3)_," said time magazine editor walter isaacson.
einstein was born in ulm,germany in 1879.in his early years,einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become.he was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school.he could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.
in1905,however,he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history.in his "special theory of relativity,"einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.everything else-mass,weight,space,even time itself-is a variable.and he offered the world his now-famous equation:energy equals mass times the speed of light squared-e=mc2.
"indirectly,relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality,art and politics," isaacson wrote in an essay___(4)____."there was less faith in absolutes,not only of time and space but also of truth and morality."
einsteins famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons.in1939,six years after he fled european fascism and settled at princeton university,einstein,an avowed pacifist,signed a letter to president roosevelt urging the united states to develop an atomic bomb before nazi germany did.roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "manhattan project"_(5)_.einstein did not work on the project.
einstein died in princeton,new jersey in 1955.
A.explaining times choices
B.how he thought of the relativity theory
C.more than any other person
D.that secretly developed the first atomic weapon
E.that flowed directly from advances in basic science
F.that helped expand the growth of freedom
key：CEFAD
These days, "what do you want to do when you grow up?" is the wrong question to ask children in the USA. The_______(51) should be: "what job are you doing now?" American companies are employing more and more young people as consultants to evaluate products for child_______(52). The 12-to-19_______(53) group spends more than $100 billion a year in the USA. Specialist agencies have been created to help manufaqturers ask kids about all the latest trends in clothes, food and_______(54) markets. One_______(55), Teenage Research Unlimited, has panels (评判小组) of teenagers who give their verdict (裁决) on products_______(56) jeans (牛仔裤). Another company, Doyle Research Associated, holds two-hour sessions in a room _______(57) the "imaginarium (想象室)." Children are encouraged to play games to get_______(58) a creative mood. They have to write down any ideas that_______(59) into their heads.
Some manufacturers prefer to do their own_______(60) research. The software company Microsoft runs a weekly "Kids Council" at its headquarters in Seattle,_______(61) a panel of school children give their verdict on the _______(62) products and suggest new ones. One 11-year-old, Andrew Cooledge, told them that they should make more computer games which would appeal equally_______(63) boys and girls. Payments for the work are increasingly attractive. Andrew Cooledge was paid $250 and given some software _______(64), even if their ideas are valuable, the children will never make a fortune. They cannot have the copyright to their ideas. These are not jobs they can hold for long they are too old. _______(65) their mid-teens they can be told that they are too old.
51 A sentence B word C answer D question
52 A employees B labourors C consumers D employers
53 A age B year C time D generation
54 A the B another C other D others
55 A school B firm C store D college
56 A as B like C of D with
57 A called B calls C calling D call
58 A into B out of C along with D over
59 A happen B come C occur D fall
60 A science B creation C production D market
61 A there B here C where D which
62 A last B late C later D latest
63 A to B for C with D on
64 A Therefore B However C Besides D Otherwise
65 A Above B On C By D Over
答案:
51 D 52 C 53 A 54 C 55 B
56 B 57 A 58 A 59 B 60 D
61 C 62 D 63 A 64 B 65 C
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