A级考前技巧辅导-语法
语法在考试中也占有相当的比例,今天我们就来看看语法部分.?
从历年全真试题分析看，三级考试语法考查重点是时态与语态、情态动词、动词不定式、分词、动名词、定语从句、状语从句、虚拟语气、主谓一致、倒装句、强调句型、反意疑问句、代词、 形容词和副词等。现逐一分析。??
一、时态与语态??
本部分的考查重点是：?
过去完成时：常和before, after, until, when等引导的时间状语从句连用,其谓语动作一般表示过去。?
（by the time/the end of）+表示过去时间的短语或句子。?
hardly/scarcely＋过去完成时＋when＋过去时；no sooner＋过去完成时＋than＋过去时。
▲ 现在完成时和现在完成进行时：?
状语词组：this day(week, month, year), so far, for some time, up to now, up to the present, all this year等。?
▲ 将来完成时：常和before, until, when, after 等引导的时间状语从句连用，其谓语动作一般表示将来。?
by(the time/the end of)＋表示将来时间的短语或句子。?
1）By the end of this month, we surely____ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A．have found B．will be finding C．will have found D．are finding?
答案C。?
2）Until then, ____his family from him for six months.?
A．didn’t hear B．hasn’t been hearing C．hasn’t heard D．hadn’t heard?
答案D。?
3）It seems oil ____from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.?
A．havd leaked B．is leaking C．leaked D．has been leaking?
答案D。?
4）The conference ____ a full week by the time it ends.?
A．must have lasted B．will have lasted C．would last D．has lasted?
答案B。??
二、情态动词??
情态动词的测试重点：?
should(ought to)+have+p.p.表示“对已发生事情的责备、惊奇或推测”以及表示“应该发生而没有发生的事情”。?
▲ might/could+have+p.p.表示“过去可能发生而没有发生的事情”。?
▲ must+have+p.p.表示“对过去事件的推论”，只用于肯定句。否定句和疑问句需用can’t和can.?
▲ needn’t +have+p.p.表示“做了不必做的事”。?
1）The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned.?
A．can’t have been B．shouldn’t have been?C．mustn’t have been D．wouldn’t have been?
答案A。?
2）With all this work on hand, he ____ to the cinema last night.?
A．mustn’t go B．wouldn’t go C．oughtn’t go D．shouldn’t have gone?
答案D。??
三、动词不定式??
本部分的考查重点是不定式的完成式，进行式和被动式。?
1）Mrs. brown is supposed ____for Italy last week.?
A．to have left B．to be leaving C．to leave D．to have been left?
答案A。?
2）I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____all the time.?
A．to get worse B．getting worse?C．to have got worse D．to be getting worse?
答案D。?
3）Mr Johnson preferred ____ heavier work to do.?
A．to be given B．to give C．to have given D．having given?
答案A。?
4）A Dream of the Red Chamber is said ____ into dozens of languages in the last decade.?
A．to have been translated B．to translate?C．to be translated D．to have translated?
答案A。??
四、分词（现在分词和过去分词）??
(一）分词作状语?
当分词短语作状语时，其逻辑上的主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步和伴随情况等。?
1）Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ____.?
A．scolding B．to scold C．having scolded D．scolded?
答案D。?
2） ____such a good chance, he planned to learn more.?
A．To be given B．Having been given C．Having given D．Giving?
答案B。?
（二）分词的独立结构?
当分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般与句子的主语不一致，分词短语前需带其逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等。?
1）A new technique____ ,the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.?
A．working out B．having worked out?C．having been worked out D．to have been worked out?
答案C。?
2）All things ____ , the planned trip will have to be called off.?
A．considered B．be considered?C．considering D．having considered?
答案A。?
3）Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ____ it closely.?
A．followed B．following C．to follow D．being followed?
答案B。?
（三）分词短语作定语和宾补?
1）If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self
-restraint as if I were the one ____.?
A．to correct B．correcting C．having corrected D．being corrected?
答案D。?
2）The manager promised to keep me ____ of how our business was going on.
A．to be informed B．on informing?C．informed D．informing?
答案C。?
（四）With+名词（代词）＋V－ed或V－ing?
1）After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ____ to go to school.?
A．to be encouraged B．encouraged?C．been encouraged D．be encouraged?
答案B。?
(五)动名词?
本部分的考查重点是：?
只跟动名词的动词：admit, include, acknowledge, risk, avoid, appreciate, consider, deny, escape, fancy, favour, hate, understand, miss, resent, delay, suggest, endure, imagine, mind, mention, dislike, postpone, excuse, practise, involve, confess, enjoy.?difficulty?trouble?have a good / hard time=a struggle?no business?
pleasure(in)＋v －ing?
1）They are considering ____ before the prices go up.?
A．of buying the house B．with buying the house?C．buying the house D．to buy the house?
答案C。?
2）Mark often attempts to escape____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.?
A．having been fined B．to have been fined?C．to be fined D．being fined?
答案D。?
3）It’s no use____ &