四、动名词的语态
4.1 被动式(being + v-ed)
当动名词的逻辑主语所表示的是动作的对象时，动名词要用被动语态。
1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.
2. They couldn't stand being treated(被对待) like that.
4.2 完成式 (having + v-ed)
动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。
1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.
2. The students' having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.
4.3 完成式的被动语态 (having been + v-ed)
1. I heard of his having been chosen(被选为) to be the coach of the team.
2. Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被对待)
rudely.
4.4 在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后的动名词(作为宾语)，要用主动
语态来表示被动的意思。
1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要浇水).
2. That's one of those questions that really don't need answering(不需回
答).
五、作定语 (Attribute)
动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。
1. sleeping car 卧车
2. walking stick 手杖
3. printing shop 印务馆
4. reading room 阅读室
5. swimming pool 泳池
6. washing machine 洗衣机
7. dining room 饭厅
六、在英文正式语体里，动名词可放在前置词(Preposition)后，以替代副词/状语的子
句(Adverbial Clauses)
例：1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring the
following number:...
2. In case of encountering difficulties, customers should ring the
following number:...
第二个句子的"In case of "动名词短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一个句子的 "In
case" 副词子句。
下列都是这类例子：
1. In spite of doing his best, the pupil was reproached. (In spite of )
2. Despite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted. (despite)
3. For all his arguing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)
4. The fireman distinguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by)
5. In sending us the book you proved to be reliable. (In)
6. Instead of blaming the boy, the teacher encouraged him. (instead of )
7. The girl left without saying a word. (without)
8. The boy was blamed for breaking the window. (for)
9. The children got tired from learning too much. (from)
10. After spending the holidays with us, our nephew went back to England.
(after)
11. Before going to bed, I opened the window. (before)
12. On arriving at the station, John was welcomed by his friends. (on)
13. Since leaving school, I have not seen my teacher. (since)
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