灵活性-开始投资时他只有一个投资人，虽然可以利用Swensen的背书募集更多的钱，他没有这么做。希望可以有100%的灵活性去投资他相信并且有激情的东西，不管是股票，风险投资还是PE。“形式不重要，内容才关键”。他相信通才模式，并以自己是分析师的一员而自豪。
Long Term Orientation - Hillhouse is a long-term investor. Lei thinks that when you have a long-term orientation, from day one you have a huge advantage over most people - it’s what he calls free option value of time arbitrage. His view on the Chinese stock market at the time of this speech? “It’s like 1999 all over again, but times three.” The environment is so bubbly that any company that changes its name into something internet related could get an elevated multiple on their valuations. Some say long-term investing does not work in China because everybody trades so much. Speaking at one mutual fund conference, some managers asked Lei “how do you make so much money despite being a long term investor” (everyone in the room laughed really hard on this comment)。 Some Chinese mutual fund managers complain to regulators, “I know you want long term investors, but we need to make money, we have a fiduciary duty.” The understanding of long-term investing in China is so distorted, people think there is a cost to being a long-term investor.
长期导向-长期投资者有巨大的优势，张磊所谓时间套利的期权价值。现在中国的股市就像1999年，还要乘三倍。任何股票改个名字沾上互联网，估值立即翻几倍。有些人说长期投资在中国不管用，因为大家交易太频繁。
Bias Toward Inaction - But how does Hillhouse find high quality names? The way is to do deep fundamental value research and only research things that could potentially compound value over time. There are many people in China that are successful at trading, but traders have capacity issues because they have to trade all the time. In China, an average portfolio manager has 600% annual turnover, Lei’s public equity portfolio has only 15% turnover and he continues to own his private equity portfolio. Hillhouse does not attempt to constantly chase different horses. In a given year, Hillhouse takes on 2-4 positions at best and sometimes only one. By taking away the action, Lei believes you simplify your life and the investment business, and you let the portfolio compound for you instead of you doing the work. By being patient and not too active, he was able to accumulate a portfolio of high quality names.
不活跃投资-如何找到好质量的公司?方法是基础研究而且只研究价值长时间能复合增长的领域。在中国，基金经理的组合平均一年流转6次，张磊的只有15%并且继续投资私有公司。Hillhouse不去追逐不同的马。一年最多投2~4个，有时1个。去除了频繁投资，张磊相信生活和投资都会简单化，让投资组合去挣钱而不是自己不停的工作。通过耐心和低频投资，他积累了一个高质量公司的组合。
2.Deviation from Traditional Value Investing Philosophies (和传统价值投资哲学的分离)
Investing in changes - Lei Zhang is a big believer in value investing, but where he deviates from the traditional value investing philosophy is that he likes investing in changes. He believes that it is change that derives value and he would like to invest in people driving them. In particular with China, and globally as well, technology has become a bigger part of the game, either in traditional or new industries. Changes are driving forces for creative destruction and value creation. He spends a lot of time understanding the changes and the people behind them. Lei says that one thing about investing in early stage company is that some companies look distracted on the outside, but if you look at the core they are intensely focused. On the other hand, the traditional sense of value investing represented by Warren Buffet dislikes changes and prefers long-term stable businesses with strong moat, hence why Warren ends up with big positions in names like in Coca Cola, Amex, Wells Fargo, and IBM.
投资变化-张磊深信价值投资，但与传统价值投资哲学不同，他喜欢投资变化。他认为变化产生价值，并且要投资那些驱动变化的人。特别在中国，技术已经成为游戏更重要的一部分，不管在传统还是新的行业。他花很多的时间研究变化和背后的人。很多早期公司从外面看似乎很分散，内部实际很集中。以巴菲特为代表的传统价值投资不喜欢变化，喜欢有护城河的长期稳定的公司，所以巴菲特的组合是可口可乐，Amex等(插一句，如果Hillouse的管理资金到了巴菲特的程度，投资变化也会是个问题，因为体量不够)
Example 1: Blue Moon and JD.com. Blue Moon is in a traditional business, liquid laundry detergent. Hillhouse would never have invested in it if everything is done the same way, as there is P&G and Uniliver, which you invest in for their brand value and moat. After investing in Blue Moon, Lei arranged its executives to meet with those from JD, having Blue Moon learning about ecommerce from JD and have JD learning about merchandising from Blue Moon. Subsequently, Blue Moon redesigned its detergent packs so that they could fit into JD’s delivery bins. Leveraging social media and ecommerce, Blue Moon achieved the largest brand build up in years and now is the largest liquid detergent brand in China.
Value Investing Taken to the Next Level - Lei believes his approach is value investing taken to the next Level. In addition to investing in changes and long-term fundamental value, he also wants to compound that value by participating in the value creation process via deep research. The traditional Ben Graham value mismatch alone is not good enough (current price vs. intrinsic value)， he wants to grow that value mismatch over time, not just to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity. To this end, Lei thinks his approach is more like constructive (or suggestive) activism, though Lei rejects the notion that he is an activist. For him, the traditional sense of activism falls into the category of “life is too short” (too much work and headache? Ackman’s battle with Herbal life comes to mind)。
案例一：投资蓝月亮，撮合蓝月亮和京东，蓝月亮学习电商和社交媒体，在很短的时间里成为最大的品牌。
更高层次的价值投资-张磊相信他的价值投资更高一个层次。除了投资变化和长期的基础价值，他希望通过参与价值创造过程和深度研究来实现更高的价值。传统的Ben Graham的价值不匹配(价格和内在价值的差异)是不够的，他希望能增长价值，而不是仅仅利用这种价值套利的机会。
Example 2: Strategic partnership between Tencent and JD.com.
Lei is an early investor in both companies and brought many senior executives to JD, Tencent was one of one of Hillhouse’s earliest investments and remains in the portfolio. In 2013, Lei saw a new trend - JD had a great retail gene, but was having difficulty confronting mobile commerce on the technology front. On the other hand, Tencent had just acquired an ecommerce business. The core problem is that Pony Ma had never dealt with inventory before and suddenly had lots of physical goods on hand. Lei brought the two companies together, summarizing their problems with one word each, mobile vs. inventory. The solution is for Tencent to hand inventory to JD and JD to hand mobile to Tencent. Pony and Richard hated each other and had been fighting to win the ecommerce war, but the deal just makes all the sense.
Through research, Hillhouse was able to present and close the biggest ecommerce deal at the time. In the process, Hillhouse did get diluted, but got a lot of certainty for both companies out of it. The idea is through research, you could present to founders compelling ideas and add value in the process. Through this example, Lei conveyed that he loves entrepreneurs that are confident, open-minded, and willing to learn from competitors.
案例二：张磊投资了京东和腾讯，腾讯至今仍然在组合中。2013年，张磊看到京东有很强的零售基因，但是移动电子商务不强。另一方面，腾讯刚刚收购了易迅，但马化腾从来没有处理过库存。张磊把两个公司拉倒一起，各用一个词总结了他们的问题：移动VS库存。虽然双方以前互相打，合作对双方有利。
通过研究，Hillhouse撮合了但是最大的电子商务交易。虽然其股份稀释了，但是两家公司的确定性增强了。这是研究的价值。张磊喜欢自信，开放同时又喜欢像竞争对手学习的创业家。
Example 3: WeChat moves into Southeast Asia.
In Indonesia, for example, Lei helped create a joint venture between Tencent’s WeChat and Global Mediacom, Indonesia’s largest media, television and pay TV conglomerate. At the time, WeChat was behind Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, and Line in user count, and today has surpassed the first two and is on par with Line. Again, Lei emphasized that he found the opportunity through “research.”