考研英语阅读备考练习题及解析(部分)

学人智库 时间:2018-02-10 我要投稿
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  考研英语阅读文章一般都节选自欧美国家的报刊杂志,题材多种多样,比较复杂。下面CN人才网小编为大家整理了相关的试题,欢迎前来查看。

  21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.

  [A] identifying

  [B] associating

  [C] assimilating

  [D] monopolizing

  还原到文章:

  In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. (虽然关于差异的讨论一直存在,美国社会确是一个令人惊叹的同化人们的机器。这句话中有一个关键的逻辑连接词,in spite of,表示虽然,尽管的含义,这说明前后两个小句子在意思方面存在相反的趋势。前面说到difference, 后面就可能说到相同的地方,也就是homogenizing people,表示什么呢?对于这个词,大家如果对homo这个词根比较熟悉的话,应该知道表示同样的,类似的含义。但是如果大家不知道,也应该可以推断出来是和difference相反。好,再看下一句,来验证一下我们的推论)There is “the democratizing uniformity(重点词,表示统一,一致,一样,和上文我们推测的内容逻辑上一致) of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular (关键词,大众的,普遍的,和上文我们推测的内容逻辑上一致)culture. (这里有“民主化统一的着装和言谈举止,和以随意和缺乏顺从为特点”的大众文化。)

  下面我们来看一下几个选项,A选项是identifying,意思是:识别。与文章没有联系,排除。B选项associating是比较强的干扰项,其意思是:联系。说把人们联系在一起,没有突出本质属性,一致,统一这一特点,排除。C选项assimilating是吸收,使同化的意思,最符合原文的观点,因此C选项为正确答案。D选项monopolizing的意思是独占,垄断的意思,与原文没有联系,排除。

  22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century ________.

  [A] played a role in the spread of popular culture

  [B] became intimate shops for common consumers

  [C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite

  [D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption

  回到原文:

  People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. (人们深深地被“消费文化”所吸引,这种文化是由19世纪的百货公司所发起的,它“将各式各样的商品陈列在一种高雅的氛围中”。[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption把它的出现归功于消费文化。因果颠倒,故错误。)Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. (他们不是为了迎合有知识的精英们而开设亲情商店,而是创建了“不分阶层和背景人人都可以进入”的大众商店。这里有一个关键逻辑关系词,instead of, 表示不是一种怎样的情境,后面出现的小句子中陈述的内容应该和instead of后面的内容意思相反。所以,[B] became intimate shops for common consumers,属于比较强的干扰项,intimate的意思是亲密的, 隐私的,在文章的意思应该是私人的意思。B选项应该翻译为:变成了普通消费者的私人商店,故该选项错误。C选项意思是:满足了知识渊博的社会精英们的需要。这与原文正好相反,故错误。)This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.(这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为。大众传媒、广告和体育也是协助人们同一化的推动力。[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture,百货商店在推广大众文化的过程中起作用,符合原文描述,为正确选项。)

  23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.

  [A] are resistant to homogenization

  [B] exert a great influence on American culture

  [C] are hardly a threat to the common culture

  [D] constitute the majority of the population

  回到原文第二自然段:

  Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous(移民正在快速地融入到这个大众文化中,这可能对于大众文化没有提升作用,但是不会是有害的,这里的转折连词but非常重要,告知我们作者对移民的态度是肯定的,或者说至少不是否定的。故B选项,对美国文化产生巨大影响错误,绝对性太强,不符合原文表述;C选项,对大众文化几乎没有威胁,符合原文hardly poisonous的表述,为正确选项). Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation(今天的移民并没有达到一个空前的水平,移民们也没有抵制同化。故A选项,抵制同化错误。Assimilation和homogenization是同义词。). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. (通过这些数据,我们可以得知:移民在美国总人口中所占比例在10%左右,不是占据大部分人口,故D选项,构成了人口的大多数错误。)Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.

  综上所述,英语在行文过程中,上下文之间、各个小句之间都存在着千丝万缕的联系,这些联系有时通过语义体现,有时通过连词体现,不管是怎样的出现方式,都能够帮助我们正确理解文章。所以,请大家在做题时一定要注意文章句子中出现的逻辑连接词,根据它们的语义功能来理清不同内容之间的逻辑关系,从而更好地分析选项内容,选择正确答案。如果大家想了解更多考研英语中阅读题解题方法和技能,可以登录文都网校,参考研究生考试英语相关课程。

  24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

  [A] To prove their popularity around the world.

  [B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.

  [C] To give examples of successful immigrants.

  [D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.

  回到原文:

  Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Rodriguez注意到,世界边远地区的儿童是诸如阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加斯·布鲁克斯等超级明星的星迷,而“一些美国人担心生活在美国的移民在某种程度上并不受美国的同化力量的影响。”阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加斯·布鲁克斯是美国人,世界上偏远地区的孩子都是这些明星的粉丝,可见美国文化影响力之大,后面话锋一转,但是,有些美国人担心在美国居住者的移民某种程度上不受美国这个国度同化力量的影响。根据这两个并列小句之间的逻辑关系我们可以得知:列举这两个美国名人的原因就是为了突出显示美国文化强大的影响力。故D选项为正确答案。A选项说为了证明这两个人在世界范围广受欢迎,这只是例子最表面的意思,文章是为了通过这两个人的受欢迎程度来体现美国文化的影响力,这才是根本所在。就像我们说,书可以用来阅读,也可以在天热时用来当做扇子用。一个例子它也有很多种功用,具体是采取它的哪一种功用还需要结合语境。同理,C选项也错误。B选项说公众害怕移民,文中只是说some Americans,范围扩大,故错误。

  25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________.

  [A] rewarding

  [B] successful

  [C] fruitless

  [D] harmful

  回到原文最后一个自然段:

  Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.在美国是否存在不和以及潜在的愤怒?答案是肯定的。作为一个大国,它足以拥有一切。然而,当把美国现在的社会指标与其跌宕起伏的过去相比较,这些指标很难说明现在的社会环境是阴暗和败坏的。这个段落中,重点落在了but之后,虽然but之前的内容说的是消极的方面,但是我们可以看到but后面的内容用否定的形式,表示一种积极的陈述hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment。

  我们在考研英语阅读文章中,经常可以看到这种询问作者态度的题型,这种题型说容易也容易,说难也难。容易是因为同学们真的读懂了文章的主题,把握住了作者对该问题的观点态度,或是同学对作者的用词比较敏感,读出了字里行间蕴含着的真感情。但若是不看文章只是凭着文章中出现的一两个词语断章取义,那么很可能就掉入了出题人的陷阱,选择了错误的答案。所以做题过程中,我们若是一时选择不定,这时候一定要好好研读一下作者重点强调的内容,像我们平时读到的这些转折连词but, however, nevertheless, yet,它们后面的内容就是作者想要重点强调的,一定要多读几遍,认真思考它们背后隐藏的含义。