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现在完成时态
现在完成时
一.构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用 has，其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
二．用法：
1. 现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2.表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
since和for的区别
since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
3.表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时
间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes
区别：have been to, have gone to, have been in
have been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了
have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的.途中
have been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在
Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）
They have been in Canada since then.
用have/has been(to) have/has gone (to) have/has been in填空
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
1.Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2.David ________ the park just now.
3. John _______ England since he came back.
4. How long _____ they _____ this village?
5. The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6._____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7.I _____ this school since three years ago.
8. Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
9. When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.
10.Would you like to _____ to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11. Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ to the zoo.
12.He often _____ swimming.
13. _____ you ______ there last year?
14. _____ they often ______ skating in winter?
选择填空
( )1.Mrs whites isn't here, she _____ London, she ________ there many times
A.has been to , went B.has gone to , has been C.went to, has gone D.has been to , has gone
( )2.She has__________ Beijing twice .
A.gone to B.got to C.been to D.come to
( )3.—where ___ your father ____ , Li Lei?
____To Beijing
A.have, been B.has, been C.have, gone D.has, gone
( )4.Mr Green isn't in the office , He ______ the library
A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.will go
( )5.Mr smith ____ Tokyo and he will be back in a week
A.has been to (B.has visited C.has sent D.has gone to
( )6.They_ China for two years
A.have been to B.have been in C.have gone to D.have come to
.
4.现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
Exercise:
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here?
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years
C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. for D. that
5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it? --Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
10. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)
I _________ _________ been to Macau before.
2. He hasn’t co就划线部分提问)
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写)
I ____ just ____ a new bike.
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)
We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑问句） (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______have they been here?
7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die) （动词填空）
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
Ask the questions
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? _________ ________ he _________ __________? __________ ___________ they __________ a book?
Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?
6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.
8. We ---- already _________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.
5.现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。 eg. He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 2001.
Now I have finished the work.
注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。
如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。
由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive →be here
begin(start)→be on
die →be dead go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) open →be open come back →be back join →be in get to know →know leave →be away 或be a member of… begin to study →study fall ill(sick, asleep) close →be closed come to work →work→be ill(sick, asleep) go to school →be a student
get up →be up go→be(in)
一、 典型例题
（ ）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
（ ）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
（ ）3.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
（ ）4.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
（ ）5.You mustn't_____ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
（ ）6.The meeting _____ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
（ ）7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
（ ）8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years.
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
（ ）9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
（ ）10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
（ ）11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
（ ）12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
（ ）13.---How long _____ you _____ ill ?
---Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
（ ）14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
（ ）15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
三、课后练习
[单项选择]
（ ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ______what's happened to him.
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
（ ）2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ?
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
（ ）3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
（ ）4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
（ ）5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better （ ）6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying （ ）7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
（ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ______ it twice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
（ ）9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really? When _____ there?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
（ ）10、—______ you ___ your homework yet?
—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished
C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish
（ ）11、His father ______ the club since 1988.
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
（ ）12、—Do you know her well?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
（ ）13、—How long have you ____ here?
—About seven years.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
（ ）14、Hurry up! The program __________ for five minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
（ ）15、It _____ ten years since he came Chengdu.
A. is B. has C. will D. was
（ ）16、Miss Green isn't in the office. She _______ to the library.
A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been
（ ）17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
（ ）18、He ________ for 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
（ ）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
（ ）20、His grandparents ______ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university
[汉译英]
1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2、 他昨天收到一封信。
3、 我父亲以前到过长城。
4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、 她去过上海。
9
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