高考英语语法动词讲解(2)

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高考英语语法动词讲解(2)

　　4.现在完成进行时

高考英语语法动词讲解(2)

　　①用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作;

　　He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.

　　②凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

　　5.一般过去时

　　①表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或为;

　　He often sang when he was a boy.

　　He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend.

　　②用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。

　　用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。

　　I didn’t know you were here.(现在已经知道)

　　Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.(“忘记带书”已成为过去的事了)

　　这一用法考生要特别注意。

　　注意：参看过去将来时的用法②。

　　6.过去进行时

　　①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示);

　　He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

　　②表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行;

　　They were still working when I left.

　　③用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生;

　　I was writing while he was watching TV.

　　④过去计划、安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等);

　　He said she was arriving the next day.

　　⑤与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。

　　(参看现在进行时的用法④)

　　Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.

　　⑥过去进行时可用来描绘故事发行的背景。

　　The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.

　　7.过去完成时

　　①表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。

　　He had shut the door before the dog came up.

　　Everything had been all right up till this morning.

　　②表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.

　　③过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望(只限于think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose，wish, want等动词)。

　　I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.

　　我本来想昨天拜访你的，但是下雨(让我不能来)。

　　注意：

　　▲过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它;

　　▲before, after本身表示时间的“前”“后”明显，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

　　He (had) left before I arrived.

　　8.一般将来时

　　一般将来时有下列一些构成形式需要记住：

　　▲will/shall do (侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事)

　　▲be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

　　▲be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)

　　▲be about to do (按计划即将发生)

　　一般将来时的用法：

　　①现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态

　　Tom will come next week.

　　He will be here tomorrow.

　　②事物的固有属性或必然趋势

　　Oil will float in water.

　　Fish will die without water.

　　③对将来某个动作的安排、计划

　　He is going to speak on TV this evening.

　　9.将来完成时

　　用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。

　　We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.

　　10.过去将来时

　　①过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图打算(主要用于宾语从句中);

　　She was sure she would succeed.

　　I thought you would come.

　　把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式。

　　②表示过去经常发生的动作。

　　When he was young, he would go swimming.

　　注意：would与used to的区别：would只表示过去，不涉及现在，而used to表示“过去常常”要与现在比较，即现在不是这样了。

　　11.要求一定时态的固定的句型

　　①was/were doing sth. when…did sth.(正在做某事，这时突然……)

　　I was reading a book when the bell rang.

　　②was/were about to do sth. when…did sth. (正要做某事，这时突然……)

　　We were about to leave when the telephone rang.

　　③It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…

　　It’s the first time I’ve seen her.

　　We have been there three times.

　　如果句中有比较确定的时间状语，则服从时间状语的要求。

　　Last year I saw him many times.

　　④It is/has been… since…

　　It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.

　　She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.

　　⑤Hardly… when…No sooner… than…

　　Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain.

　　I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed.

　　⑥It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…

　　This is the first time I have been here.

　　It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.

　　III.被动语态的用法

　　被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。其构成为"be+及物动词的过去分词"。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时，由"情态动词(can, may must, have to等)+be +动词的-ed形式。含有"be going to , be to, used to, be about to"等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时，其构成为"be going to (be to, used to, be about to)+ be +动词的-ed形式"构成。

　　1.被动语态的适用范围

　　①当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。这时不用by短语。

　　This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉料的。

　　②为了强调动作的承受者时

　　Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者不可触摸展品。

　　③出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者

　　You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。

　　常用于如下句型：

　　It's not known that… ……不得而知 It's said that… 据说……

　　It's reported that… 据报道…… It's not decided that…尚未决定

　　It's believed that… 据认为…… It's announced that…据宣布……

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