Unit 22 Britain and Ireland
教学目标
知识目标
I、教学目标 与要求
通过本单元教学，使学生掌握一些问国籍和语言的常用句型，并学习有关位置关系的表达方法。阅读课文“Britain and Ireland”和“Ireland”，让学生了解英国和爱尔兰的地理和历史情况，并完成有关课文内容的练习。
II、重点与难点
1． 重点词汇: separate, stand for, be made up of, especially, live on ,go bad, die of, be fond of, lead a simple life, play a part in.
2． 重要句型 1).Are you English ?
2).The larger of the two islands is Britain, which lies to the east of Ireland.
3).London lies on the River Thames and has a population of seven million.
3．语法：复习已学过的语法。
4.日常交际用语 1）Are you from …?
2).Where are you from ?
3).What are you ?
4).I’m from …
能力知识
1．利用对话和课文训练学生听、说、读。写的综合能力。
2．能用有地理知识说明各个国家的位置及概况。
德育知识
1．学会关心他人，关心集体。
2．同学间要注意团结友爱，培养互帮互学的精神。
教学建议
课文分析
本单元的话题就是讲述英国和爱尔兰的地理位置和历史简况，分为两部分：
Part 1 (Paragraphs1—6) Something about the UK
(Paragraphs 1—2) The letters “UK” stand for “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.
(Paragraphs 3—5) Information about Wales, England, and Ireland.
（Paragraph 6) The weather in Britain.
Part 2 (Paragraphs 7—9) More information about Ireland
(Paragraph 7) The first travelers came to Ireland.
(Paragraph 8) Many of the peasants were very poor.
(Paragraph 9) Way and life of the Irish people
本单元教学建议
Lesson 85
问学生两个问题，让他们回答：
1. How many countries are English- speaking ? What are they?
2. What do you know about Britain? Say something about U.K. Great Britain arid Ireland.
Lesson 86
1. Talk about the map arid find how much the students have known？
2. Retell the text. using tile key words..
Lesson 87
Retell the text using the key words.
Lesson 88
1. Retell toe talk referring to the information on the blackboard.
2. Say something about our province.
Lesson 85 (dialogue) 教学建议
通过本课教学，使学生掌握一些询问国籍语言等的常用句型, 并学习有关位置关系的表达方法.
1.Dialogue presentation
这一部分建议教师用最简单的语言来和学生对话.例如:Where are you from ? I’m from Beijing. 以此来引入本课教学内容,使学生立即投入。
II. Dialogue Practice
David is from Britain.
He is British
He is not English.
He speaks English.
He is Scottish.
It is to the north of England.（斜体为答案）
这部分是本节重点,需要教师讲解词汇.接着练习本单元的重点:方位的表达法.
to
不相邻，或接壤，但强调方向
on
互相接壤
in
在内部
建议教师通过使用身边最常见的物体来练习,这样更能使学生感兴趣。
Lesson 86/87 (extensive reading) 教学建议
把两篇课文合起来讲解有利于对文章的整体理解，便于对文章内容及知识的记忆。讲解本课时，建议教师注意课文的整体理解。可以把课文作为一篇阅读理解，快速阅读后给出五道题来选择。或者利用简笔画，或者给出本单元重点词汇来让学生复述课文，如果学生有困难，教师可以自己先复述一遍，引导学生。
最后一部分练习参观学校时，可以画一个自己学校的地图，更利于学习。
Lesson 86/87 (intensive reading) 教学建议
本课的讲解集中于词汇和语法。通过课上反复练习本单元的重点词汇使学生能够在课下完成作文的练习。最终达到本单元的教学目的。如果学生基础比较差，教师可以先领学生做。
Lesson 88(listening) 教学建议
本课集中练习听力，练听力的方法很多：
1．本单元可以放一首歌曲，“The England rose”,歌唱戴安娜的，发一张歌词，听歌做填词练习。
2．课后的听力练习可以作为听写内容，放三遍，写下文章，这个比较难。
3．可以播放一段有关英国的新闻，做填词练习。
听力之后，做扩展练习，难度加大，做高考题作文。
辨析like, enjoy, be fond of, love
表示喜欢的词和词组有be fond of, like, enjoy, love。但其用法有些不同。
（1） like和enjoy可以通用，但like后面的宾语可以是动名词或不定式；enjoy后面的宾语只用动名词，不用不定式。
I like swimming/ to swim in the river. I enjoy swimming in the river. 我喜欢在河里游泳。
（2） be fond of (=like very much)喜欢的程度比like强，比love弱。如：
Some young people are very fond of light music. 有些年轻人喜欢听音乐。
（3）love不仅“喜欢”而且“热爱”，在这组词中语气最强，带有强烈的感情色彩。如：
I like him, but I don’t love him. 我喜欢他，但并不爱他。
辨析介词to，in，on接方位名词的区别
to一一在境外某方向；只强调方位，不强谓两个国家或地区是否接壤。
India lies to the southwest of China. 印度位于中国的西南方。
on一一接壤/在河畔、江畔，也可表示在……河畔。例如：
Great changes have taken place in Nanjing, the city that lies on the Changjiang River. 长江之滨的南京发生了很大变化。
in一一在境内某方向；可以表示在……境内。例如：
England lies in the southeast of Britain. 英格兰在不列颠岛的东南。
辨析used to, be used to
used to + do sth. “过去常常做某事”；也可接不定式，表示“被用来做某事”。例如：
Coal can be used to produce electricity.煤可用来发电。
be used to + (doing ) sth. “习惯于做某事”。试比较：
The farmers used to grow rice, but now they grow vegetables instead. 这些农民过去种稻谷，但现在他们改种蔬菜了。
The man is used to flying in all sorts of weather. 那人在各种天气中飞行已习惯了。
辨析part of, a part of和(a) great part of
part of something是“某物的一部分”，这个“部分”可大可小，可能超过一半或不到一半或仅占一份。
a part of something则是“某物的一小部分”。
a great part of和great part of含义完全相同，意为“一大部分”，但不一定达百分之五十以上。如果达到半数以上。最好用the greater part of。
1) The Arctic is considered to be a part of the Atlantic. 北冰洋被认为是大西洋的一部分。
2) We are all part of one big family. 我们都是一个大家庭的成员。
3)He spends(a) great part of his spare time studying law. 他的业余时间一大部分用来研究法律
4) The greater part of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 地球表面的大部分被水所覆盖。
辨析be to, be going to, be about to
1) be to:
(1)表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情。如：
The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。
2）表示可能性，必要、责任、义务、禁止等。如：
Her necklace was not to(couldn’t)be found. 她的项链找不到了。
2) be going to:
1) 表示将要发生的事情或打算最近要进行的动作。如：
It is going to rain soon. 快要下雨了。
2) 在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句一般不用be going to，而常用will（第一人称用shall）。如：
The football match will be put off if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，足球赛将被推迟举行。
3) be about to:
1) 表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来。如：
We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。
The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。
2) 在含有be about to的句子中，不能再加时间状语。如：
Wrong: The medical team is about to start immediately.
Right: The medical team is about to start. 医疗队就要出发了。
separate和divide
相同点：separate和divide都可表示“分开”的意思。
separate 侧重把原来连在一起或靠近的人或物分开，也可指“离别”。例如：
He went over and separated the two boys who were fighting. 他走过去把两个打架的男孩分开。
divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”, 如:
Divide the candies among the children给孩子们把糖块分开。
辨析live on, live by
二者都有“以……为生”之意，但用法不同。
1) live on是短语动词，意为“靠吃……为生，靠……收入过活”，后接名词，既可用于人，也可用于动物。如：
Most of Chinese live on rice. 大部分中国人以米为食。
Horses live on grass. 马以草为食。
live on还有“继续生活”，其中on是副词。如：
Lei Feng is dead, but his spirit lives on.雷锋去世了，但他的精神犹存。
2) live by指“以……方式谋生”。如：
1)His father lives by teaching English. 他父亲以教英语谋生。
2)The boy lives by begging. 那男孩靠行乞度日。
rather与fairly
两者均为程度副词，意为“相当”，但所表示的程度仍有差别。
1) rather比fairly程度要深，修饰形容词时含有“过份”的意思，所修饰的形容词一般是人们不希望的、不喜欢的。它还可与比较级和too连用，例如：
(1) This book is rather easy for you. 这本书对你来说过于浅易。
(2) It's rather hot today. 今天相当热。
2)fairly含有“适合”之意，所修饰的形容词一般是人们喜欢的，希望的。
1) It is fairly warm today. 今天相当暖和。
2) He plays the piano fairly well. 他钢琴弹得相当好。
3) fairly 还可作“公平地”解释。如：
He should be treated fairly. 他应该得到公平对待。
The larger of the two islands is Britain, which lies to the east of Ireland. 两个岛屿较大的那个岛是不列颠，位于爱尔兰的东面。
l) which lies to the east of Ireland是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词Britain. 由于引导词在从句中作表语，所以，用which，不用where，因为where在定语从句中作地点状语。
2)主句The larger of the two islands is Britain是倒装句，正常语序是Britain is the larger of the two Islands.这里用倒装语序是为了便后面的定语从句紧跟在先行词Britain之后。
(3)“the+比较级 + of + 复数名词”这种结构用来特指两个人或事物间“较……的一个”，其用法相当于单数名词，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。作主语时，动词用单数。例如：
Mary is the younger of the two girls.玛丽是两个女孩中年纪较小的一个。
In the north is Scotland, with its capital Edinburgh.北面是苏格兰，首都是爱丁堡。
On the right is a map of the islands of Britain and Ireland.
这是一个倒装句。在英语中，某些表示地点或时间的状语位于句首时，当句子的主语太长时，为了句子的平衡，常使用倒装句式。例如：
(1) Under a tree were sitting a group of students.=A group of students were sitting under the tree. 一群学生坐在树下。
(2)Below the house ran a little stream.=A little stream ran below the house.一条小溪从房子下面流过。
(3) On the table lie two boxes.=Two boxes lie on the table. 桌子有两个盒子。
Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.
“be famous for” 意为“因……而著名”, be famous as 意为“以……（身份）而著称”。例如：
Thomas Edison is famous for having invented so many things.
That actor is more famous as a playwright.
Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people's lives.
“play a part in”意为“在……方面起作用”，“在……中扮演角色”。这个短语中的part原本作“（剧中的）角色”讲，在part前可以用不同的形容词来修饰（great / small/ important等），表示起着“大/小/重要的作用”。例如：
—Which part do you play (in the film )?
—I play the part of Lenin.
Science plays an important part in agriculture.
Generally, the weather in Britain is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.
句中的“neither…nor”是连词词组，作“既不……又不……”解，常用来连接两个并列的句子成分（本句中的接连两个并列的表语cold和hot。）例如：
They are neither workers .nor peasants; they're students.（连接两个表语）
He was ill then; he could neither eat nor drink.（连接两个谓语动词）
I had neither pen nor paper. How could I make notes? （连接两个宾语）
当“neither…nor”连接两个主语时，谓语动词应同邻近的那个主语在人称和数上取得一致。
Neither the teacher nor the students are right.
Neither the students nor the teacher is right.
3) Are you English? 你是英国人吗？
下面的表格还曾列了该国的语言(language)仅供同学们参考。
①the English-people of England,表示全体英格兰人。也可指全体英国人，但是，全体英国人的正式说法应是the British。就个体而言，男性用Englishman (复数English men ) , 女性用 Englishwoman (复数Englishwomen ) 。
②the Scots=people of Scotland，表示全体苏格兰人。就个体而言，男性用Scotsman（复数Scotsmen）, 女性用Scotswoman (复数Scotswomen )。the Irish, the Welsh情况同此。
③the French=people of France, 表示全体法国人。就个体而言，男性用Frenchman (复数Frenchmen ) , 女性用Frenchwoman (复数Frenchwomen )。
注：like, love, hate, dislike其中前三个的后面既可接名词、代词、也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式，意思差不多。而dislike却不能接动词不定式。使用时，请注意。
Lesson 85 (dialogue) 教学设计方案
1.Dialogue presentation
Ask the Ss some questions and make a dialogue with the students:
T: Where are you from ?
S: I’m from China(Beijing).
T: But you speak English.
S: English is used by the world.
T: Very good. Do you know what countries are using English ?
S: Such as :England, America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and so on.
T: So we can say the English, the Americans, the Canadians, the Australians and the New Zealanders are speaking English.
T: So today we are going to learn something about England.
II. Dialogue Practice
Practice 1.Listening.Ask the Ss to fill in the blanks with the information they hear on the tape.
David is from Britain.
He is British
He is not English.
He speaks English.
He is Scottish.
It is to the north of England.（斜体为答案）
Practice 2.Ask the Ss to retell the dialogue in the third person form.
Model:
David is from Britain. He speaks English. He is British, but he is not England. He is Scottish. He is from Scotland, which is to the north of England; it's part of Britain.
Practice 3.Ask the Ss to make dialogues similar to the one in L85.
Model: Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Long ago, the first travellers went to Ireland from ________, and later from the south and west of _________. They found that much of the land was _________, but there was ________ grass for sheep and cows, _________ it rained a lot. The seas around Ireland were full of all sorts of __________. Many of the peasants were very poor and they lived mainly on _________. Around __________, potatoes __________ bad because of a terrible disease and many people died of ___________. Tens of thousands had to travel to other countries to look _________ a better life. Although many families became __________, people still kept in __________ with each other. Now life has improved for the population. Most Irish people go to __________ every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people s lives. The Irish are very fond of __________ and ____________. They often get together in the evening to ___________ and ___________ music.
A: Are you from England ?
B: No, I’m not.
A: But you speak English.
B: That’s correct.
A: Where are you from then ?
B: I’m from the USA.
A: So you are American.
B: That’s right.
Practice 4 Ask the Ss the following questions.
1) Where is England?(to/on the south of Scotland, in the south of Britain)
2)Where is Ireland ?(to the west of England)
3)Where is London? (to the east of Cardiff)
4)Where is Wales? (on the west of England, to the south of Scotland)
To
不相邻，或接壤，但强调方向
On
互相接壤
In
在内部
Practice 5. Get the Ss to ask and answer questions in pairs with the words “to, on, in” using a map of China.
Model: 1) Where is China ? (in the east of Asia, to the east of Japan)
2) Where is Beijing ? (to the north of Hangzhou)
III. Dialogue production
Ask the Ss to make dialogues according to the situation given below.
Situation: A and B are university students. They are from different parts of China. Now they are talking about their hometown.
Model:
A: Where are you from ?
B: I’m from Hangzhou.
A: So you’re from the south.
B: That’s right. How about you ?
A: I’m from Shenyang—the northeast.
B: Oh, I know it’s very cold in winter in Shenyang.
A: Yes. You have to wear warm clothes.
B: Does it often snow in winter there ?
A: Of course. How about your hometown?
B: It seldom snows. I have never seen snow.
A: What a pity! If you have a chance, please pay a visit to my hometown to have a look at the snow scenery.
B: That’s very kind of you. I’m looking forward to it.
A: Tell me something about your hometown. It must be very beautiful.
B: Yes, it is. What I like to do most is to have a walk after dinner around the West Lake.
A: What a scene! I wish one day I could go there..
IV Homework
1.Page 84 Ex 3
2.查阅地理教材，或网上查询“英国的地理概况
Unit 22 Britain and Ireland